Tourism

Tourism

1. National Park

   • Making tourism more sustainable
     • Footpath erosion- signs and paths put in place to encourage the use of designated paths
     • Litter- encourage use of bins from posters/signs and employ someone to pick litter
     • Traffic- improving public transport to encourage the use of it and reduce the pressure of cars
   • Impacts of tourism
     • Positives
       • Employment for locals
       • Natural features that attract tourists can be protected using the income from tourism (e.g. rare wildlife)
       • Income from tourism helps develop new local infrastructure
       • Promotes cultural awareness and helps preserve local environment
     • Negatives
       • Tourists often drop litter, pollution, and can injure wildlife
       • Large amounts of traffic causing pollution, congestion and erosion
       • Some tourists trek across fields and do not stay on the paths provided
       • Low skilled job, poorly paid and unsatisfactory work conditions
   • PEAK DISTRICT, located in Derbyshire

2. Coastal Resort

   • BLACKPOOL, located in the North West England
   • Why did Blackpool go into decline?
     • Travelling abroad grew in popularity in the 1960
     • The expansion of package holidays and cheaper flights
     • People became wealthier and had a higher disposable income
     • Became a rundown town with old infrastructure and attractions
   • What has been done to encourage tourists back to Blackpool?
     • Updated the illuminations
     • Redesigned the town center and build a new promenade
     • Beaches have been cleaned up and improved
     • Efforts have been made since 2001 to smarten up the area

3. Mass tourism

   • KENYA, located in east Africa
   • Offers tourists
     • Tropical climate- hot and humid at the coast, all year round
     • Cultural experience- visit local tribes such as the Maasai, cultural understanding
     • Coastal holidays- south east of Kenya has fine sands and coral reefs with spectacular marine life
     • Safari holidays- seeing wild animals in their habitats (e.g. lions, elephants...)
   • Impacts of tourism
     • Positives
       • Income from tourism helps develop new local infrastructure
       • Increasing in cultural understanding of different cultures
       • Jobs all-year-round for locals and local business benefiting
       • Tourism is Kenya's biggest earner of foreign exchange
     • Negatives
       • Leakage in income- much of the money goes to travel/hotel companies ans not into Kenya
       • Safari buses disturb animals, cause soil erosion and pollution
       • Tourists consume large amounts of resources- unsustainable
       • Hot air balloons in parks disturb animals- shadows and noise

4. Extreme tourism

   • ANTARCTICA, located in the South Pole
   • Offers tourists
     • Over flights- photo opportunities and educational talks
     • Cruises- visit ice free coastal areas and sub arctic islands
     • Extreme adventures (e.g. diving, parachuting, skiing, motor biking...)
     • Wildlife viewing (e.g. the penguin rookery at Cape Royds)
   • Impacts of tourism
     • Mosses and lichens grow very slowly and are very sensitive to people walking on them.
     • Arctic terns are unsettled by human presence.
     • Oil spills are becoming an increasing hazard for wildlife.
     • Animals are not used to humans and leave their habitats, many time leaving eggs and young
   • Making tourism more sustainable
     • Tourism is not allowed in Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs) to conserve the wildlife and landscapes
     • Most tour operators are members of the International Association of Antarctica Tout Operators (IAATO), which sets guidelines for safe and environmentally friendly tourism
     • Tourists are briefed on the requirements of the Antarctic Treaty, and given strict instructions on health and safety
     • No ship carrying over 500 passengers can land in Antarctica, only 100 passengers on land at one time

5. Eco-tourism

   • KENYA, located in east Africa
   • Benefits of eco-tourism
     • Locals
       • People have better and more stable incomes
       • Eco-tourism schemes fund community projects (e.g. new schools, water tanks...)
     • Environment
       • Reduced poaching and hunting of endangered species
       • Projects try to reduce the use of fossil fuels (e.g. using renewable energy sources)
       • Waste that tourists create is disposed of carefully to prevent pollution
     • Tourists
       • Teaches tourists cultural understanding
       • encourage tourists to help protect and preserve the animals and environment
   • Why encourage eco-tourism?
     • To minimise the impact of tourism activities on natural attractions
     • To respect local people, their customs and culture
     • To provide direct benefits and empowerment for local people
     • To support sustainable development of local economies through direct involvement