LEARNING THEORIES

LEARNING THEORIES

1. Unconditioned response (UCR) – the natural response to the UCS.

2. Conditioned stimulus (CS) – A stimulus that you have learnt to respond to, via association (was previously the NS).

3. Operant conditioning: Learning by reinforcement and punishment. Behaviour is influenced by the consequences of our actions

4. Evaluation: Drive reduction is ignored today: Theres a limited number of behaviours people do things to increase and decrease comfort. It also doesnt explain how secondary reinforcers work as they dont directly reduce discomfort yet they are reinforcing.

5. Behaviourist approach believe we are born as a blank slate and all behaviour is learnt. Behaviour can be learnt 3 ways: 1. Classical Conditioning – learning via association 2. Operant conditioning – learning via consequences of your actions (i.e. reinforcement, punishment). 3. Social Learning – learning via observation and imitation.

6. Neutral stimulus (NS) – A stimulus that evokes no natural response.

7. Unconditioned stimulus (UCS) - something that illicit a natural response, it is innate.

8. Conditioned response (CR) – The learned response to the previously neutral stimulus.

9. Evaluation: it has some explanation: It doesnt supply a complete explanation but has some value. Infants do learn through association and reinforcement, but food may not be the main reinforcer. It may be the attention and responses given from the the caregiver are important rewards and assist in the formation of attachment. This wasnt considered in the learning theory.

10. Negative Reinforcement - Behaviour switches off something unpleasant - The behaviour isnt repeated

11. Positive Reinforcement - Behaviour is rewarded and thus strengthened - The behaviour is repeated.

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