Effects of institutionalisation - created from Mind Map

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And institution is a place where it is dedicated to a particle task such as looking after children in orphanages

It is the place where people usually live for a long period of time

Institutionalisation only creates negative outcomes and impacts it also creates a knock on effect

key study Romanian orphans. Includes 165 Romanian children who spent their early lives in Romanian institutions and 111 were adopted before age of two years in further 54 by the age of four

Increased risk of depression health behaviours such as alcohol assumption in a future

Attachment security

Institution weird children experience separation from loss of their caregivers or parents

Bowlby concluded that children suffered from the effects are deprived of opportunities to develop stable and continuous attachment

It is shown that the percentage of secure attachment is 62% avoidant attachment is 15% the same as disorganised and last but not least there are 9% of resistant attachment

The wide varietyof attachment outcomes within institutions shocked us with the fact that children need to go through tough stages and it might greatly affect their attachment

Cognitive development

Meta analyses show that children growing up in institution showed a substantial delay in IQ compared to whom who are brought up in biological or foster families

The children brought up in institutions show average of an 84% of IQ well the ones are raised in families was 104

This shows that favourable caregiver and child ratios were associated with smaller cognitive delays

More years of family life pro or after institutionalisation may provide a firm base for intellectual development or in the future

Disinhibited attachment

It’s a form of insecure attachment where children shows excessive friendliness and also might be linked to attachment disorder

Tizard shows the 38.4% of institutionalised children were indiscriminate at four years old however it might have been individual differences instead of a proper disorder

Make great use of semistructured interviews and questionnaires usually with caregivers to evaluate child’s behaviour

Chisholm ask about the child behaviours and another researcher asked additional questions to pertain lack of differentiation

The above table shows that both institutionalised and post-institutionalised children shows significant indiscriminate behaviours

It is also suggested that indiscriminate behaviour might well be adaptive in institutional setting

However a persistence of indiscriminate friendliness extended beyond six months and it is suggested that some of biological programming maybe responsible

It might also have been the inability to fully express themselves misrepresented as an indiscriminate friendliness

The adoptees have been tested a regular intervials to assess their physical cognitive and social development they are compared to the control group of 52 British children adoptedin the UK before age of six months

Romanian orphans lagged behind British counterparts on all measures of physical cognitive and social development significant deficits remain in substantial minority of individuals who experience institutional care

LeMare Audet Believed that orphans are in lack of a proper physical health 36 Romanian orphans or adopted to families in Canada and the dependent variable is the physical growth

The orphans were physically smaller than a matched control group however the difference had disappeared by the age of 10 1/2 years it suggests that recovery is possible

Zenat compared 136 Romanian children who have spent most time in institution and to whom who have never been in one and the findings show that institutionalised children show signs of disinhibited attachment