Henry VIII

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The Tudor reign lasted from from 1485 to 1603.

The Tudors were a Welsh-English family that ruled England and Wales from 1485 to 1603 - one of the most exciting periods of British history.

Tudor monarchs

Henry VII Henry VIII

Edward VI

Jane Grey

Mary I

Elizabeth I

Tudor times after Shakespeare times and before World War !!

Henry VII Defeated Richard !!!

Kept control of laws

Arthur, his son, died at 15

son was Henry VIII

During 118 years of Tudor rule, England became richer than ever before. As the country became wealthier, towns grew, beautifulhouses were built and schools and colleges were set up. Arts and crafts flourished too. England was home to great painters, writers and musicians.

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Henry VIII

Henry Vlll was born at Greenwich Palace, London on 28 June 1491 and was the second son of Henry Vll and Elizabeth of York

He succeeded to the throne after his father's death on 21 April 1509. He was 17 years old when he became king.

Handsome

Wore lot of jewellery

Loved playing games, horse riding and hunting

Thomas Wolsey was his Chief Minister

Thomas Cromwell was also a chief minister for 8 years

Died 1547, age 56

Buried next to Jane Seymour

Three children, Mary, Elizabeth and Edward

Buried in Windsor Castle.

Monarchy became richer by high taxes, rent and fines for criminals

He was a very selfish person and by the end of his life everyone was afraid of him, mainly because of his ruthless behaviour toward anyone who didn't agree with him.

Henry Vlll wanted a male heir, but his wife had not given birth to a son. Henry wanted to divorce her and take a new wife. The Roman Catholic Church refused to grant the divorce. In order to gain his divorce, Henry had to establish the Church of England and end Catholicism.

Henry passed a law in 1534 making himself head of the Church of England. This act allowed him to divorce his wife and led to the formation of the Protestant Church of England. The Protestant movement was known as the Reformation.

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Battle of Bosworth

22nd August 1485

Defeated Richard III at this battle

After this battle he became Henry VIII

This battle ended War of the Roses

Henry created Tudor Rose after Battle of Bosworth

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Henry becomes Head of Church of England

1536 Henry ordered dissolution of wealthy Roman Catholic Abbeys, Monasteries and Convents.

He wanted to release powers from Roman Catholic Church and fund his wars

Thomas Cromwell was in charge of getting rid of the Monasteries

Henry Vlll wanted a male heir, but his wife had not given birth to a son. Henry wanted to divorce her and take a new wife. The Roman Catholic Church refused to grant the divorce. In order to gain his divorce, Henry had to establish the Church of England and end Catholicism.

Henry passed a law in 1534 making himself head of the Church of England. This act allowed him to divorce his wife and led to the formation of the Protestant Church of England. The Protestant movement was known as the Reformation.

What is the Reformation?The Reformation is the process by which the English Church is split off from the Roman church. Rather than the pope, the king would be the spiritual head of the English church.

The Protestants

didn't want a church which sold pardons

service in English

Bible in English

Priests should be ordinary people

Protestants to be recognised

Henry born Catholic, became Protestant and was declared Head of Church of England

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Henry's wives

Catherine of Aragon - Divorced - Princess Mary

Anne Boleyen - Beheaded - Queen Elizabeth

Jane Seymour - Died - Edward VI

Anne of Cleeves - Divorced

Katherine Howard - Beheaded

Katherine Parr - Survived

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Edward VI

Became King at 9, died at 15

Edward Seymour helped him rule

died of TB

he didnt want a female to be queen, his sister Mary or his cousin Jane

Was a Protestant

Introduced prayer book in English

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Roman Catholic Church and Protestant Church

Similarities

One god

Jesus is God's son

God built everything

Have bibles

Differences

Catholic Protestant

Services in Latin Services in English

Decorated church Dull church

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Elizabeth I

Ruled England alone as never married

Mother was Anne Boleyn

Father was Henry VIII

Red hair

Enjoyed jewels, clothes, music and dancing

Had to have her own way

lived with step sister Mary

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Who was Mary Queen of Scots?

Mary was known as Queen of Scots because she was Queen of Scotland.

For a short time she was also Queen of France.

She might have become Queen of England too. Mary's life was full of romance but sadness too.

She became famous across Europe, especially after her execution in 1587, for plotting (it was said) against England's Queen Elizabeth I.

When did she live?

Mary was born in 1542, when Henry VIII was King of England.

Her father was King James V of Scotland.

Mary became Queen of Scotland as a baby.

She was Queen until 1567, when she gave up the crown and left Scotland.

She spent many years a prisoner in England, where she was put to death on 8 February 1587.

A sad life

Mary never knew her father, who died soon after her birth.

As a little girl, she was sent away from her mother to France.

Her first husband died two years after their wedding. Her second husband was murdered. Her third husband ran off with her, then deserted her.

The Scots rejected her, and the English locked her up.

Mary Queen of Scots' sad life ended when she was beheaded in 1587.

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Spanish Armada

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Tudor Table Manners

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Catherine of Aragon

Catherine of Aragon was a Spanish princess who had previously been married to Henry's brother Prince Arthur.

Henry was betrothed to Katherine by his father in 1509 and they had a daughter Mary who later become Queen Mary 1.

Catherine had six children but only Mary survived.

In 1527 Henry announced his desire to divorce Catherine because she had failed to produce a male heir.

1533 divorced Henry

1536 Catherine died

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Anne Boleyn

Lived abroad before met Henry

Waited till Henry was divorced before she married him

They had a daughter

She was not guilty of treason

Not guilty of being unfaithful to Henry

Anne grew up in the family home of Hever Castle in Kent and was a young and beautiful lady-in-waiting to the former queen, Catherine of Aragon.

She gave birth to the future Queen Elizabeth.

When Anne miscarried a second child Henry accused her of witchcraft and had her beheaded on May 19th 1536 at the Tower of London for adultery and incest.

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Anne of Cleeves

Hans Holbein painted her portait which Thomas Cromwell viewed

Anne married Henry to form a tie between England and the Protestant princes of Germany.

After only six months Henry found the political alliance no longer to be to his advantage and so divorced her the same year.

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Catherine Howard

Henry married her because they sent love letters to each other

Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury didn't like the Howard family because they were Catholic

He told Henry about her boyfriends

Henry made her sign a confession and made her marry him

Katherine was Catholic

Henry married Catherine Howard, Anne Boleyn's cousin

Henry once again accused his wife of adultery and had Catherine beheaded at the Tower of London.

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Katherine Parr

Wealthy and rich

Wears lot of ewellery

likes writing and reading

studying religious studies

knows lots of languages

Married Thomas Seymour after Henry died, Jane's brother

Katherine Parr, also known as Catherin Parr,

She was Henry VIII’s sixth and final wife.

Katherine outlived Henry - so she is said to have survived.

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Tudor Food

The Tudor people ate a lot of fresh food because there was no way of storing food to be eaten later.

There was no such thing as freezers or fridges in the Tudor times.

They ate with fingers, knives and spoons. There were no forks.

Three-quarters (75%) of the rich Tudor diet was made up of meat such as oxen, deer, calves, pigs, badger or wild boar.

Birds were also eaten, such as chicken, pigeons, sparrows, heron, crane, pheasant, woodcock, partridge, blackbirds and peacocks.

Fruit and vegetables were mostly eaten when they were in season and soon after picking.

They ate fruits such as pears, apples, plums and cherries.

Some meat was preserved by rubbing salt into it.

Instead of drinking water with their meals, they often drank ale and the rich drank wine.

Water was often unfit for drinking because it as contaminated with sewage.

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Tudor Houses

Some of them are over 500 years old!

Tudor houses are known for their 'black-and-white' effect.

They were half timbered

they had wooden frames and the spaces between were filled with small sticks and wet clay called wattle and daub

Wattle is the intertwined sticks that are placed in a wall between posts.

Daub is a mixture of clay, sand and dung that is smeared (daubed) into and over the wattle to make the wall.

Tudor houses have steeply pitched roof covered with clay or stone tiles.

Many older Tudors houses had a thatched roof.

The upper storeys of some Tudor houses were bigger than the ground floor and would overhang (called a jetty)

The use of glass became more widespread during the Tudor period.

Typical Tudor chimneys are very tall and thin. They are patterned, often with symmetrical patterns from moulded or cut brick. These type of chimneys are only found on 'rich' Tudor houses.

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Tudor Education

Schools mainly for rich chldren

Boys began school at the age of 4 and moved to grammar school when they were 7

was usual for children to attend six days a week.

The school day started at 7:00 am in winter and 6:00 am in summer. It finished about 5:00 pm.

most important subjects were Latin, Divinity and Math and Greek.

Only 2 weeks of holidays, Easter and Xmas

Only Sundays were free

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Tudor work and Towns

England became a major trading centre

Bristol, liverpool and other seaports grew quickly

Potugeuse brough spices from East

Towns were becoming overcrowded, roads were muddy tracks and travelling was difficult.

The overcrowding caused danger from fire and disease

There was no proper drainage in towns.

sewers often ran down the middle of streets straight into rivers and wells, from where people collected drinking water.

All waste was thrown onto the streets including toilet waste.

Diseases quickly spread and were very common.

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Tudor and Stuart Times

Elizabeth I died childless so was succeeded by her cousin, James VI of Scotland, who henceforth assumed the title of James I of England as well.

24 March James VI of Scotland crowned James I of England uniting the two kingdoms.

James's accession meant that the three separate kingdoms of England, Scotland and Ireland were now united, for the first time, under a single monarch.

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Jane Seymour

Henry married his third wife just eleven days after the execution of Anne.

Jane gave birth to a baby boy.

Henry was said to be devastated when she died 12 days later of blood poisoning.

Jane was buried at Windsor Castle, later to be joined by Henry.

Her son succeed Henry to become Edward VI.