CHY4U - Midterm Review

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The Renaissance

Modern age Europe begins with the Renaissance (meaning Rebirth)

Period from 1350-1600 in Western Europe

Intellects and artists believed that they were part of a new golden age

Individualism - People sought to receive personal credit for their achievements. Opposed to the medieval idea of all glory going to God

Started in the City Stated, but due to the printing press allowed the cultural trends to spread to other parts of Europe

City States

At the centre of Europe's economic, political, and cultural life due to it being a commercial bridge between the West and the wealthier world of Asia

Started off as republics where power was supposedly in the hands of the people but in reality rested in the hands of the merchants.

Governments of the Italian City-States were despots (individuals) or oligarchies (groups) of merchants

The wealth generated in the Italian city-states allowed wealthy merchants to become important patrons of the arts.

This led to the secular art forms (portraits)

Machiavelli

A father of political science. He wrote when the Italian city-states were fighting for their independance from bigger countries in Europe

Famous Writing: The Prince (a how to guide for rulers everywhere)

Humanism - a term used to describe the new era.

Humanism had deep respect for the Greek and Latin classics and stressed many of their virtues

They stressed the importance of living in this world (but did not abandon God)

Enjoyed worldly pleasures including material luxuries, fine music, tasty foods, and beautiful surroundings

Eager to be remembered as individuals

Erasmus - believed that children were born without moral qualities and needed education where these qualities would be taught

A Renaissance Man - The ideal perfect ban according to The Courtier

Came from a good family, courageous, loyal, skilled in arts, wrestles, speaks and writes well, physically active, knowledgeable, and has studied history

Renaissance Art

Expressed their feeling about place of humanity in the world

Proportion, order, harmony, and symmetry were important ideals

People were painted or sculpted to display their wealth or if they wanted their individuality immortalized

Human bodies ere depicted in a more scientific and natural manner

Perspective in painting - Objects and people grow smaller in proportion to distant as a result of all the elements of a painting

The Northern Renaissance

Christian Humanism -Combination of Christian and classical elements in which humanists wished to apply reason and scholarship not only secular classical texts but ancient ones as well

Thomas More - Wrote the famous book Utopia, challenging politics and society by pointing out that Kings were only interested in power and authority

Renaissance of Society

Family life changed from having extended relatives living in the same home to a nuclear family which included parents and children only. There was a more positive value of family life with the humanists praising marital love and relations between parents and children.

Child's life was dominated by the need for a good education

Women had more influence in raising their own children and more of a voice in the family itself

When talking about the Renaissance society, it is about the middle and upper classes of society

Slavery was an upsurge during this time

Printing Press

Played a vital role in the ideas of the Renaissance

Johann Gutenberg printed approximately 200 bibles