Brainstorming - created from Mind Map

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Alex F. Osborn - originator - 1930’s

Problems with brainstorming: Brainstorming is the most well-researched and least understood creativity tool in the world!

Before brainstorming

During brainstorming

After brainstorming

4 guidelines for generating options/ideas - Don't expect that everyone know what brainstorming actually is

Choosing tools for generating

This could be connected to other theories

Choosing tools for focusing

Creative Problem Solving (CPS)

Individual vs. group

Product blocking

Social Loafing

Premature Closure

Brainstorming is a group procedure, but research often compares individual against group performance.

Operating with a limited process structure.

Giving up on the group.

Applying judgment inappropriately.

Prepare the group

Prepare the task

Prepare the environment

Dealing with judgement

Maintaining group commitment

Enhancing the process

Follow-through

Evaluation

Implementation

Defer judgement

Strive for quantity

Freewheel

Seek combination

More developmental options

More exploratory options

Boden's kind of creativity

Levels and styles

Blocks of individual creativity

What characterizes a creative product?

Effects of CPS training

Kaufman

Combinatorial

Exploratory

Transformational

Brainwriting

Brainstorming

Visually identifying relationships

Explorer

Developer

Style

Novelty

Resolution

Trained groups generate more ideas, give less verbal criticism, and more verbal support than untrained groups.

Understanding and recognizing creativity

Orginality (novelty)

Creativity (Validity)

Invention (increment)

Innovation (realization)

Groups can screen, sort, and select new and unique alternatives and develop and strengthen these into workable solutions when using a deliberate process.

Large numbers of ideas

Moderate numbers of ideas

Small numbers of ideas

Highlighting

Must/wants

Criteria

ALUo

Advantages, Limitations, Unique Qualities, and Overcoming Limitations (ALUo)

Understanding the challenge

Generating ideas

Preparing for action