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BMS02-1003 (Lipids & Membranes)
Karten in diesem Stapel (17)
- 1What are 3 essential features of membranes?1) Phospholipid Bilayer
- Hydrophillic (Polar phosphate heads)
- Hydrophobic (Non-polar hydrocarbon chains)
2) Proteins
3) Cholesterol
- Essential for plasma membrane function - 2What does cholesterol do in the membrane?Provides structure/rigidity
- 3What are the 3 types of proteins in the membrane by location?1. Integral proteins
- imbedded in lipid bilayer, spans membrane
2. Peripheral proteins
- attached to membrane via ionic interactions w integral protein/phospholipid heads
3. Anchored membranes
- anchored by covalently bound fatty acids - 4What are 5 types of membrane proteins by type?1. Structural (actin)
- cell to cell contact, cytoskeleton organisation
2. Receptors (insulin, glucagon)
- signal transduction/recognition
3. Ion channels (Na/K, Ach)
- maintain gradient, transmission
4. Transporters (glucose, glutamate)
- import/export substances
5. Enzymes (adenylyl cyclase)
- catalyst - 5What are the four functions of lipids?1. Storage of energy via triglycerides
2. Precursors to vitamins/steroids
3. Bile acids
4. Membrane structure (phospholipids) - 6What is the structure of a phospholipid?1. Polar head group attached to a phosphate head (hydrophilic)
2. Phosphate group attached to glycerol backbone
3. Two fatty acids linked to glycerol - 7What links the two fatty acids on a phospholipid to the glycerol backbone?An ester bond
- 8Saturated fatty acids have how many double bonds? How does this impact Vanderwaals and melting point?0 double bonds
Strongest Vanderwaals, high melting point - 9What are three common fatty saturated acids?- Palmitic acid (P)
- Myristic acid (M)
- Stearic acid (S) - 10Mono unsaturated fatty acids have how many double bonds? How does this impact Vanderwaals and melting point?1
Weaker Vanderwaals, lower MP - 11Oleic acid is what kind of fatty acid?Monounsaturated
- 12Poly unsaturated fatty acids have how many double bonds? How does this impact Vanderwaals and melting point?2+
Weakest Vanderwaals, low melting point - 13Arachidonic acid (synthesized from lionlenic acid) is what kind of fatty acid?Polyunsaturated
- 14What are the three essential fatty acids? (all poly unsaturated) What does deficiency lead to?1. Linoleic acid
2. Linolenic acid
3. Arachidonic acid
Deficiency leads to dermatitis, hair loss, impaired wound healing - 15What factors increase membrane fluidity?1. # of unsaturated fats
- increased=more double bonds=weaker bonds=more fluidity
2, Cis fatty acids
- cis fatty acids more fluid bc bonds all lined up
3. Lower cholesterol - 16What is cirrhosis in a cell? What does it lead to?Impaired membrane fluidity due to too much cholesterol
Alters cell shape so RBC cannot deliver oxygen, leading to anemia - 17What are 4 examples of groups that can be attached to phosphate to form the phosphate group on a phospholipid?- Choline
- Serine
- Ethanolamine
- Inositol
Informationen
- Beschreibung
- Outline the structural organisation of a ‘typical’ plasma membrane Describe the structures of the phospholipids: phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl ethanolamine and phosphatidyl serine Recognise the structure of cholesterol Give examples of structures of the saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, and describe them correctly Explain why there are some fatty acids, which must be taken in the diet (‘Essential Fatty Acids’)
- Erstellt von
- Evian Chai
- Aufrufe
- 12
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