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offender profiling
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- 1top down approachoriginates in the US. try to understand what sort of an individual would commit the crime. Douglas included 6 main stages; 1. profiling inputs - data collected from crime scene eg. weapon used, 2. decision process model - assess and organises data to show time and location factors as well as murder type, 3. crime assessment - crime classified as organised or disorganised using the data, 4. criminal profile - hypothesis about background and beliefs, 5. crime assessment - written report goes to police to help them find a suspect, finally the killer is apprehended.
- 2organised offenderscrime is typically planned and the target is chosen specifically. body is often moves and murder weapon hidden. sexual fantasies are acted out on the victim. these types of offenders are smart, socially and sexually competent with a partner. they show interest in the case and follow their crimes online
- 3disorganised offendersunplanned and random victims. interact very little with their victim with sexual acts preformed after death. leave lots of evidence behind at crime scene.
- 4evaluation of top down is it usefulCopson asked 184 US police officers, of whom 82% said the technique was useful. although it doesn't lead them to an offender it gives investigators a different perspective and opens up new avenues for investigation
- 5evaluation of top down potential to cause harmit can be argued that profilers do the same work as psychics as they too have experience in reading behaviour. the top down approach isn't biased on a theory or scientific evidence, in fact courts refer to it as a junk science. these ambiguous profiles can be made to fit any offender making them appear to be correct. however because profiles have the potential to mislead investigations and in some extreme cases wrongfully convict someone its argued it shouldn't be used at all
- 6evaluation of top down distinguishing between organised and disorganised offendersTurvey suggests its a scale and not two distinct categories as every offender is different. some are organised after an unplanned crime. additionally these categories were biased of 39 aspects of serial killers and 100 killers which didn't show any clear divisions
- 7the bottom up approachdata driven. typically used examples are investigative psychology which includes interpersonal coherence ( peoples behaviour is consistent so crimes will link to their everyday life), forensic awareness and smallest space analysis ( a statistical technique which identifies; instrument opportunist, instrument cognitive and expressive impulsive). secondly there is geographical profiling which predicts where an offender lives. part of this is the circle theory which uses the location of their crimes to create a circle around where an offender lives. marauder offenders commit crime close to home however commuter offenders go else where and this circle is considered their hunting ground. there's also software called CGT which shows the likeliness an offender lives in an area.
- 8bottom up approach evaluation is circle theory sucsessfullol idk
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- A level Psychology Karteikarten am offender profiling , erstellt von megan fletcher am 15/06/2022.
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- megan fletcher
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