Karteikarten
Chapter 9
Karten in diesem Stapel (40)
- 1What did Francis Galton introduce?Anthropometrics and measured sensory abilities as an indicator of intelligence
- 2What are anthropometrics?A historical term referring to the method of measuring physical and mental variation in humans
- 3What did Alfred Binet introduce?The concept of intelligence and mental age
- 4What is intelligence?The ability to think, understand, reason, and adapt to or overcome obstacles
- 5What is mental age?The average intellectual ability score for children of a specific age
-Current ability relative to age, but changeable - 6What did Lewis Terman introduce?The Stanford-Binet Test and he set the stage for misguided use of intelligence tests
- 7What is the Stanford-Binet Test?A test intended to measure innate (genetic) intelligence
- 8What did William Stern introduce?The Intelligence Quotient (IQ)
- 9What is the IQ?A measure in which the mental age of an individual is divided by the person's chronological age and then multiplied by 100
-It breaks down with age - 10What is the WAIS?The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale: the most commonly used intelligence test used on adolescents and adults
- 11What is a deviation IQ?Compares a person's IQ with the average score for that age group
- 12What does the WAIS allow us to detect?The general ability index/cognitive proficiency index
- 13Raven's progressive matrixes?An intelligence test that emphasizes problems that are intended not to be bound to a particular language or culture
-"Culture-free" test - 14The scores of Raven's progressive matrixes correlate with what?WAIS
- 15What are some complications with IQ testing and eugenics?The sexual sterilization acts (1928-1972), racial differences in IQ, problems with the racial superiority interpretation, culturally biased test process and culturally based test content
- 16What is the stereotype threat?It occurs when negative stereotypes about a group cause members to underperform on ability tests
- 17What are the two theories about beliefs?Entity theory and incremental theory
- 18What is the incremental theory?The belief that intelligence can be shaped by experiences, practice, and effort
- 19Entity theory?The belief that intelligence is a fixed characteristic and relatively difficult (or impossible to change)
- 20What is spearman's general intelligence factor "g" thought to represent?Thought to represent a person's 'mental energy'; ability to learn, reason, and solve problems
- 21What are savants?Individuals with low mental capacity in most domains but extraordinary abilities in other specific areas such as music, mathematics, or art
- 22Spearman's two factor model, what are the factors and what are they?"g": general, overarching intelligence
"s": specific-level, skill-based intelligence - 23Thurstone re-examined Spearman's general intelligence tests and found what?7 primary mental abilities
- 24Hierarchical model of intelligence?Lower level abilities (like "s" and those proposed by Thurman) are nested within a general intelligence
- 25Sternberg's Triarchic theory of intelligence says what?Intelligence consists of three domains; analytical, practical, and creative
- 26Analytical domain?Verbal, mathematical, problem-solving
- 27Practical domain?Ability to address real-world problems
- 28Creative domain?Ability to create new ideas to solve problems
- 29Gardener's multiple intelligences model has what and led to what?Eight different forms of intelligence exists, led to the idea of learning styles
- 30What are the idea of learning styles?The hypothesis that individuals are fundamentally different in how they best acquire information
-E.g. visual learners learn more with visual materials
-Very little scientific support - 31Fluid intelligence?A type of intelligence that is used to adapt to new situations and solve new problems without relying on previous knowledge
- 32Crystallized intelligence?A form of intelligence that relies on extensive experience and knowledge and, therefore, tends to be relatively stable and robust
- 33It was once believed that brain size size was related to what?Related to intelligence
-Contributed to prejudice - 34Convoluted surface of the brain is thought to contribute to intelligence how?Number and size of gyri (ridges of cerebral cortex) greater in species with more complex cognitive abilities
But... avian brains lack convolutions, yet also capable of complex cognition - 35Species exhibiting more complex behaviours possess relatively _______ brains?Relatively larger brains
- 36What things all combine to allow complex cognitive processes?Relative brain size, neuron density, and organization
- 37How does twin and adoption studies reflect in intelligence?As genetic relatedness increases, so does similarity in IQ scores
- 38How does health and nutrition affect intelligence?Healthy students attend school more frequently
- 39How does income affect intelligence?High income households have better access to high quality schools
Low income households more likely to have stressors that distract from learning - 40What is the flynn effect?The steady population increases in intelligence scores over time
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- Psychology Karteikarten am Chapter 9, erstellt von Emma Granger am 20/01/2017.
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- Emma Granger
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