Quiz
Brain imaging
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Questions in this quiz (39)
1Which are structural techniques?
- AX-ray and CT
- BMRI
- CContrast agents
- DDiffusion Tensor Imaging
- EPET
- FfMRI
- GEEG
- HMEG
- IECoG
2Which are functional techniques?
- APET
- BfMRI
- CEEG
- DMEG
- EECoG
- FMRI
- GCT
3X-ray and CT techniques are great at showing:
- ABlood vessels
- BDifferent brain regions
- CVentricles
- DElectrical activity
4_________ ventricles could be due to tumour; _________ ventricles could be due to schizophrenia
- AShrunken; expanded
- BExpanded; shrunken
5Which technique measures proton densities?
- AMRI
- BContrast agents
- CPET
- DElectrocorticography
6What is the most common contrast agent?
- AGadolinium
- BTM tomato
- CHaemoglobin
- DPhosphorescents
7What is true of Diffusion Tensor Imaging?
- AShows fibre tracts
- BMeasures hydrogen densities
- CIs a structural MRI technique
- DWater molecules diffuse more easily through the cross-section of neurons than along the long axis
- EMakes a lot of assumptions
8Which technique involves the injection of a radioactive isotope?
- ACT
- BPET
- CElectrocorticography
- DMEG
- EDiffusion Tensor Imaging
9What are examples of radioactive isotopes?
- AOxygen
- BGlucose
- CGadolinium
- DTm tomato
10The brain takes about [blank_start]3[blank_end]% of the body's weight, but uses about [blank_start]20[blank_end]% of its nutrients
- A3
- B20
11What is true of Regional Cerebral Blood Flow (rCBF)?
- AActive regions release Nitrous Oxide to local arterioles
- BNitrous Oxide released retroactively
- CCauses arterioles to constrict
- DVery slow change
- ECauses change in ratio of de:oxygenated blood
12Which techniques are based on the close association between vasculature and metabolism?
- AfMRI
- BPET
- CEEG
- DMEG
- EContrast agents
13Which techniques measure electromagnetic fields generated by ionic current flow in active neurons?
- AEEG
- BMEG
- CfMRI
- DPET
- EContrast agents
14Which techniques are invasive?
- AMRI
- BPET
- CElectrocorticography
- DEEG
- EMEG
15Which technique involves placing grids of electrodes directly on the surface of the brain?
- ASingle-unit recording
- BElectrocorticography
- CDiffusion tensor imaging
- DContrast X-ray angiography
16When is Electrocorticography used?
- ALocalise epileptic foci
- BOpportunistic research
- CAvoid eloquent areas during surgery
- DResearch into language
- EPatients with mild clinical problems
17What does MEG measure?
- AStrength of magnetic field
- BStrength of electrical field
- CLocation of magnetic field
- DLocation of electrical field
18What is contained in a "dewer" and used to keep the SQUID close to absolute zero?
- ALiquid helium
- BNitrous oxide
- CDry ice
- DHydrogen
19Why do MRI scans have to be done after MEG?
- ABecause MRI scans magnetize tissues for weeks
- BDue to risk of overheating the machine
20Which technique induces electrical current flow by producing strong magnetic fields?
- ATMS
- BTES
- CTDS
- DtDCS
21Which technique delivers a small electrical current?
- ATMS
- BtCDS
- CTES
- DEEG
22Which is true of children's Fusiform gyrus response to faces, compared to adults:
- AEqually strong but later
- BWeaker and later
- CStronger and earlier
- DChildren's fusiform gyrus does not respond to face stimuli
23What is true of standard template brains?
- ANormalise brains
- BAllows statistical analyses on brain maps
- CIs a standard size and shape
- DUsed for structural brain images
24Which standard template brain is based on a single well-characterised brain?
- ATalairach atlas
- BMNI atlas
- CTesseract atlas
- DMonoamine atlas
25Which standard template brain is based on an average of hundreds of MRI scans?
- AMNI atlas
- BTalairach atlas
- CTesseract atlas
26When is fMRI mostly used?
- AClinically
- BResearch
- CPre-surgical and radiotherapy planning
- DIdentify eloquent cortices
27When is MEG usually used?
- ARarely in hospitals
- BLocalising epileptic foci
- CPre-surgery mapping of eloquent cortices
- DResearch
28What is true of hippocampal theta oscillations?
- AVery active in novel environments
- BTies together place cells
- CTuned to specific locations in an environment
- DDifferent place cells fire at different phases of the theta oscillation
- EImportant for semantic memory
- FMeasured by EEG
29Which regions make up the Default Mode Network?
- ACingulate
- BParietal
- CFrontal
- DTemporal
- EOccipital
- FLimbic
- GDiencephalonic
30Which techniques are based on machine-learning?
- AConnectivity
- BDecoding
- CConnectomics
- DMachine reading
31What is true of Connectivity analysis?
- ABased on graph theory
- BEmphasises brain structures over brain networks
- CMulti-voxel pattern analysis
- DBased on machine-learning
32What is true of Decoding techniques?
- AMulti-voxel pattern analysis
- BAnalyses patterns of activity to complex stimuli
- CAnalyses patterns of activity to simple stimuli
- DBased on graph theory
- EBased on machine-learning
33Why is the reproducibility crisis particularly acute in neuroimaging?
- AHuge amount of data
- BIncreased possibilty of false positives
- CToo expensive to have large samples
- DLarge researcher degrees of freedom
- EStatistical double-dipping
- FResults tend to have a large impact on society
- GPre-registration of hypotheses
- HData sharing
34How has fMRI improved?
- AGone from 1.5 T to 7 T
- BBetter image stability
- CBetter signal:noise ratio
- DStrongest magnets can reslve activity in different cortical layers
- EHigher temporal resolution
35How has MEG improved?
- AMoving from SQUID to Optically Pumped Magnetometers
- BHuman Neocortical Neurosolver
- CDramatically improved data acquisition capabilities
- DStrongest magnets can resolve activity in different cortical layers
36What are Optically Pumped Magnetometers?
- ARequire liquid helium
- BSensors placed directly on scalp
- CBut reduced signal:noise ratio
- DUses computers to map underlying circuit-level activity
- EOnly one place in the world has them
37Why isn't neuroimaging useful for psychiatric diagnosis?
- ALow specificity
- BHigh sensitivity
- CHigh standardization
- DMost psychiatric imaging studies are done on groups
- EDifferent disorders have similar neural patterns
- FDSM has much higher validity
38Who said that we are currently not able to use brain imaging for psychiatric diagnoses, and may not ever be?
- AFarah & Gillihan
- BAubertin & Bouillaud
- CFlouren & Gerschwind
39Aside from diagnosis, why might brain imaging be useful in psychiatry?
- ACan suggest new treatments
- BDBS came from identifying deep brain areas that are hypoactive in depression
- CQuantifying and predicting treatment response
- DClassifying syndromes based on neuroimaging profile
- EReal-time neurofeedback may be a treatment in itself
Information
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- Lecture 4
- Author
- Jennifer Khouw
- Language
- English
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- History
- Created on 26 Aug 2018 · updated on 26 Aug 2018
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