Flashcards

Molecules Of Life (pt 1 for quiz)

Cornel Swart Biology 9th English 27 cards

Cards in this deck (27)

1—Branched ; Carbon Based Structure
2—Chain ; Carbon Based Structure
3—Ring ; Carbon Based Structure
4All organisms are made up of four main types of carbon-based molecules. What are they?Carbohydrate, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids
5What are Carbohydrate's used for?Can be broken down to provide a source of usable chemical energy for cells
6What are monosaccharides?Sugars are the most basic carbohydrates
7What are the three kinds of monosaccharides?-Fructose
-Glucose
-Sucrose
8What are polysaccharids?Many glucose can be linked to make polysaccharids
9What are the three kinds of polysaccharids?-Starches: are made and stored by plants
-Glycogen: is known as "Animal Starch"
-Cellulose: is a building block in plant structure
10What is a lipid?-Non-polar molecules that include fats, oils, and cholesterol
-Some are broken down as source of usable energy for cells
-Other lipids are part of a cell's structures
-Store large amounts of chemical energy in organisms
11All lipids contain what a molecule called ________ bonded to molecules, called _____ _____.-Glycerol
-Fatty Acids
12What are triglycerides?-Many lipids contain 3 fatty acids (hence tri)
- 3x fatty acids ---> Glycerol
13What are saturated fats?-Most animal fats are saturated fats
-Most saturated fats will be solid
-This means have maximum # of hydrogen atoms possible
14What are unsaturated fats?-Fatty acids in oil (unsaturated)
-Most unsaturated fats will LIQUID
-Oil have fewer hydrogen atoms because at least double bond between carbon atoms
15What are all cell membranes made of?Phospholipids
16What are waxes?-Consists of a long fatty acid joined to a long alcohol chain
-All waxes have firm consistent and repel water
17What is cholesterol?-Lipid that has a ring structure
-Your body needs certain amount to function
-part of the cell membranes, body uses it to make steroid hormones
18What are proteins?-a polymer made of monomers of amino acids
-Organisms use twenty different amino acids to build proteins
-Your body can make twelve of the amino acids, others come from foods, meat, beans, and nut's
19What are the three parts in every amino acids?-Hydrogen atom
-an amino group (NH2)
-Carboxyl group (COOH)
-Amino acids differ only in their side group, or the R-Group
20What is a peptide bond?-Amino acids that form covalent bonds with each other
21What determines a protein's structure and function?-The specific sequence of amino acids
22What is Denaturation?-When polypeptides unwind and change shape
- (Proteins and others cannot function unless they stay coiled, folded and packed into a precise way)
23What are nucleotides?-Detailed instruction's to build proteins
-Nucleic acids are polymers that are made up of monomers
24What is ATP?-Ready energy for the body
25What do coenzyme's do?-Move electrons and hydrogen from one reaction site to another (ex photosynthesis)
-Also act as chemical messengers within and between cells
26What are nucleic acids?-Certain nucleotides function as monomers for single and double stranded molecules
27What are nucleotides structures composed of?-Sugar
-Phosphate Group
-Nitrogen containing base