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B1.4 Specialisation in animal cells
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- 1differentiation- as an organism develops, cells differentiate to form different types of specialised cells
- most types of animals cells differentiate at early stages of development while many types of plant cells retain the ability to do so throughout their lives - 2what happens during differentiation?→ as a cell differentiates, it obtains different sub cellular structures that enable it to carry out a particular function and become a specialised cell
- 3NERVE cellsspecialised to carry electrical impulses around the body, providing a rapid communication system between different parts of the body
- 4ADAPTATIONS - of a nerve cell -1. DENDRITES make connections with other cells
2. AXONS carry the nerve impulse from place to place
3. SYNAPSES are adapted to pass the impulses to cells
= SAD - 5MUSCLE CELLSspecialised cells that can contract and relax in pairs to move the bones of the skeleton
→ in the digestive system, they form layers and contract to squeeze the food through your gut! - 6striated (STRIPED) muscle cells- contain PROTEINS - slide over each other, making them fibres contract
- MANY MITOCHONDRIA transfer the energy needed for the chemical reactions as the cells contract and relax
- store GLYCOGEN a chemical that can be broken down and used in respiration to transfer energy by mitochondria - 7SPERM cellsfertilise the egg to make a baby
- 8ADAPTATIONS - sperm cells -- long TAIL helps the sperm move
- middle section is full of MITOCHONDRIA
- chromosome stores digestive ENZYMES
- large NUCLEUS contains DNA to be passed on
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- Specialisation in animal cells, specifically muscle, sperm, and nerve cells.
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- Aaishah Din
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