Flashcards
2nd language acquisition
Cards in this deck (39)
- 1What is SLA?The goals of SLA are:
The description of L2 acquisition: errors, the acquisition of formulaic chunks, developmental patterns
The explanation of L2 acquisition: item learning and system learning - 2What counts as an L2?any language other than their mother tongue. L3, L4 and on also count as 'L2'
(L1 acquired during early childhood) - 3Target language means?the language the learner is aiming to learn
- 4Learner language means?a language that the learner produces whilst trying to acquire L2
- 5What is input and give examplesInput is the samples the learner gets of the target language so for example input from music, video games and TV
- 6What is overuse?The overuse of one feature where another feature would be preferable. I overuse in Swedish.
- 7What's a case study?a detailed study of a learner's l2 acquisition oftern over years time (longitudinal)
- 8What is the difference between a mistake and an error? And how can we check our student?Mistake is slip of the tongue, learner is aware but simply messed up.
Errors come from lack of knowledge.
If the student can correct themselves, it was a mistake. If they cannot, it was an error. - 9Vanessa, Romana and Roshanna have what in common?High language aptitude
- 10What are the 4 steps of an error analysis?IDEE
Identify
Describe
Explain
Evaluate - 11When identifying errors, what must we think of?Are we interpreting the text correctly? this is vital in order to reconstruct correctly.
Grammar versus Preference.
Is the error ungrammatical (absolute error) or is it just a matter of preference? - 12How do we describe errors in an EA?We can classify them.
Is the learner omitting (omission)?
Are they giving misinformation?
Are they misordering? - 13The most important step is nr 3, explaining errors. What do we do here?Try to find out why the error occured.
The error could be systematic, meaning it follows a rule they constructe in their minds...
OMISSION - to omit, simplifies
OVERGENERALIZATION - 'eated' for ate is a typical example
TRANSFER - use L1 to assist. Swinglish etc - 14Last step in EA in evaluation. How do we do this?Consider the seriousness of the errors.
Look at intelligibility, confusion, preference and acceptability.
What errors interfere with intelligibility?
Adress global and local errors. - 15What's the difference between a global and a local error?Global error= violates overall structure of sentence, making it hard to process.
Local error= affect only a single constituent in sentence, less likely to create any processing problems. - 16Acquisition follows the shape of what?a U-shape.
There are transitional constructions and regression happens.
As learners restructure their gramm. systems, they may seem to be regressing when really they are advancing. - 17Ate - irregular past tense verb form Which of these is overgeneralization and which is a hybrid? Ated EatedAted is a hybrid form.
Eated is overgeneralization. - 18Learners vary their use of the L2 depending on what the linguistic context is. What 2 examples of contexts for L2 learners?situational context = like native speakers, they grasp what situations call for, formal vs informal.
psycho-linguistic context= whether or not the learner had time to plan their production plays a role too. Often planned production is more correct. - 19What is form-function mapping?the ability to connect/map forms to function so for example,
a learner might get that 'yesterday' requires -ed or past tense of an irregular verb...
'yesterday they stole (not steals) my money' - 20What is it called when...When a learner never fully learns or completes their grammar skills and when their language is like frozen in time?Fossilization!
Many continue to show non-target language variability in at least some grammatical features. - 21'Mental grammar' has a proper term. This mental grammar is a unique linguistic system, a mental system of L2 knowledge. What do we call this?Interlanguage
- 22What was the behaviorist learning theory and what in it was proven wrong?The idea that language learning involved formings habits and that positive vs negative reinforcement worked.
Today we know that learning is much more than a response to external stimuli. - 23What does the Mentalist learning theory focus on?Focus on nature rather nurture.
Believes in innate properties.
The brain has a seperate faculty just for language learning. This brain faculty determines lang acquistion.
Input triggers or starts the operation of the lang aq. device. - 24Which learning theory is Interlanguage concept built on?The mentalist learning theory
- 25Tell me what the Interlanguage continuum consists ofThe Interlanguage continuum is a series of mental grammar or interlanguages as learners gradually increase L2 knowledge. A learner's grammar is transitional.
- 26Learners learn through different learning strategies. What can the error of omission tell us?The error of omission is an attempt at simplifying the target language. It is a learner strategy.
- 27What does backsliding mean and what learner is it typical for?Backsliding the production of errors representing an early stage of development.
This is typical for fossilized learners. - 28There is a computer-like model for SLA. What are its stages or components?Input > intake> L2 knowledge >output
Intake is stored in the short term memo.
L2 knowledge is actual knowledge.
Output is the learner language. - 29What is the name of my chosen chapter and what are its 3 main approaches?The social aspects of interlanguage.
1) Interlanguage as a stylistic continum + accomodation theory
2) Acculturation model
3) Social identity and investment (the PC one) - 30What does the stylistic continuum approach to social aspects of interlanguage say?Int. lang consists of different styles which learners use in different situations.
- 31What is careful style versus vernacular style (ch 4 )?Carefuly style= the learner is consciously picking linguistic forms, focused on 'correctness'.
Vernacular= the learner is more relaxed, colloquial, evident when speaking freely and spontaniously. - 32What might one assume about learners and careful style, is it true or false?one might assume that learners are more correct when using careful style but this is not the case!
They are more correct when using vernacular style. - 33When it comes to style-shifting, how do natives and learners differ?Natives style-shift according to others and their own social group.
L2 learners don't do this. They style-shift but often for psycholinguistic reasons rather than social reasons. - 34Accomodation theory says what? and what approach in social aspects of interlanguage ch 4 does it fall under?Convergence= making speech similar to adressee in order to signal social likeness.
Divergence= making speech different to show social distance.
It falls under nr 1 , the stylistic continuum. - 35What does accomodation theory suggest?It suggests that L2 acquisition involves long-term convergence, iow that the learner is making their speech similar to someone else's over a long period of time...social cohesiveness.
Learners can be motivated to converge on native-speaker norms due to social conditions...results in higher levels of profiency! - 36The 2nd approach in chapter 4 is The Acculturation model. What does it entail?Social distance can make learners fossilize /fail to acculturate.
Contact w natives crucial. When a learner feels a part of the target language social group --> learns L2.
Psychological distance is also to blame; lack of motivation or language chock. - 37What is the third approach to Social aspects of interlanguage and what does it entail?Peirce's theory: Social identity and investment in L2 learning.
Power relations and identities play a role in L2 learning. - 38What does Social identity and investment theory (peirce) mean by 'subject to' and 'subject of'? How is this linked to the learner's motivation?To be 'subject to' discourse is to not be able construct an identity that enables one to assert one's rights and make oneself heard.
This becomes a learner's motivation to become 'subject of' discourse - to function well in a variety of social contexts. - 39According to approach nr 3, becoming 'subject of' a discourse takes investment. Explain.The learner makes an invesment and expects that it increase their cultural capital. This capital, the L2, should allow them to function well in more social contexts.
L2 acquisition is a struggle, a fight to assert oneself and one's identity.
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- English Flashcards on 2nd language acquisition, created by Jonanna M on 09/12/2021.
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- Jonanna M
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