Flashcards
Tudor Foreign Policy
Cards in this deck (45)
- 1Key aims of Henry VIIForeign Prestige
Dynasty
Trade and Solvency
Security - 21486/87Navigation Acts
Aid in solvency - 31489Treaty of Medina del Campo
Spain and England
Marriage alliance between Arthur and Catherine of Aragon
100,000 crown dowry
Mutually alliance deal against France
Mutual lowered trade rates
Wouldn't support rebels - 41489-92Breton Crisis
Duke Francis didn't want his daughter Anne to marry Charles VII of France as this would put Brittany under France's control. France sieged Brittany and Henry sent 6000 men to mediate. Ended with Treaty of Etaples - 5Treaty of Redon1489
Bretons promised to pay for 6000 men that Henry sent to help them.
Henry careful to emphasise acting to defend England's interests and not for war - 61492Treaty of Etaples
France and England
France get Brittany
France wouldn't support rebels
Paid Henry a pension - became 5% annual income - 71494Ponying's Law
No law in Ireland could be made without Henry's approval
English law applied in Ireland - 81496Magnus Intercursus
Removed trade embargo with Burgundy that had been put on during the Perkin Warbeck threat - 91497Truce of Ayrton
With Scotland
First truce since 1323
Became fully ratified when Perkin Warbeck executed in 1499 - 101502Treaty of Perpetual Peace
Marriage alliance between James IV and Margaret - 111502Arthur dies
Catherine has no husband
Henry refuses to return dowry
Applies for papal dispensation for Henry to marry her (and himself)
Forces Henry to revoke betrothal as Ferdinand less desirable - 121504Isabelle of Castille's death
Philip of Burgundy now most powerful
Henry courts him and attempts to isolate Ferdinand - 131506Treaty of Windsor
Henry aided Philip of Burgundy after shipwreck
Mallus Intercursus
Return of Earl of Surrey - 14Malus Intercursus1506
Very one sided trade deal with Burgundy that benefitted Britain - 15Issues with Treaty of WindsorPhilip of Burgundy died in 1506
Malus Intercursus never put into place - 161504League of Cambrai
Papal States, France and Spain against Venice
Henry not invited - 17Henry VIII Foreign Policy aimsDynasty
Honour/ glory/ chivalry
Solvency
Security
Power - 18Who lead early foreign policy?Thomas Wolsey
- 191512French Invasion
30,000 men led by Henry
Wolsey organised
Battle of Spurs - 20Battle of the Spurs1512
England V France
France fled so England won - little prestige but 'bigged up'
Captured Tournai and Toluene
Success to Henry, but little gains - 211513Battle of Flodden
Catherine of Aragon as Regent
Huge defeat of Scotland
Henry VIII in France
Massive honour - king died
More prestige - 22Treaty with FranceGave back Tournai
France renewed the pension - 231518Treaty of London
Major Christian countries against Ottoman Turks
Led by Henry/ Wolsey
England centre of democracy
Pope gave Wolsey Papal Legate - highest title
Essentially meaningless as shown in later conflict - 241521Field of the Cloth of Gold
Henry and Francis of France
Massive display of power and wealth of courts to celebrate alliance
Dances, feasts and sports
Very expensive - £15,000
Little political gains
In talks with Spain at the time - 251521Treaty of Bruges
Secret treaty with Henry and Charles (Spain)
Agreed a joint venture against France
Set up marriage alliance between Mary and Charles - 261525Battle of Pavia
Spain greatly defeat France
Henry proposed another joint France invasion for territorial gain
Charles didn't agree
Wolsey's Amicable Grant to raise funds led to unrest at home
Repudiated marriage alliance
England return to pro-French policy - 271527League of Cognac
Henry's alliance with France against Spain
Pope joined as feared Charles was gaining too much power - 28Charles' ResponseCharles sacked Rome and took the Pope hostage
- 29Treaty of AmienAnti-imperial to put pressure on Charles
Responded by putting trade embargo on Burgundy
Created unemployment in England
Forced Wolsey to back down - 30Henry's status in 1527 onwardsBesotted with Anne Boleyn
Desperate for divorce from Catherine - 31Factors working against HenryCharles Catherine's nephew and didn't like how she was being treated
Pope under Charles' power - 321529Treaty of Cambria
Charles victory over France at Battle of Landriano
Charles dominance over Pope
Ensure solving of marital issue impossible via diplomacy
Henry had to blame someone therefore Wolsey's fall - 331521 (Pope)Henry given title "Defender of the Faith"
Wrote essays criticising Lutheran works and in favour of the Catholic Church - 341532League of Schmalkalden
Defensive alliance between England and Lutheran states against France and Spain
Eventually resulted in marriage alliance between Anne of Cleeves and Henry
Pressure due to Break with Rome - 351534Kildares
Kildare removed from Council of Ireland
Son led a revolt - expensive and hard to put down
Attempt to bring government under English control failed - 361539France and Spain War
More security for Henry as wouldn't form an alliance - 37Why France and Spain large threat?2 largest powers
Both had shaky relationships with England
Alliance could easily result in a turn against Henry - 38IrelandPale invaded by 2 Gaelic lords
Government eventually regained control
Tried to please by making Ireland a separate kingdom - 391541English law imposed on Ireland
Ireland divided into counties
Some Gaelic lords gained peerage and Irish lords entitled to same as English counterparts - 40Issues with thisGovernment lacked resources to see change through
Lack of Irish support
Religious differences - 411542Battle of Solway Moss
England V Scotland
England won - humiliating defeat for Scotland
Left 1 week old Mary as heir
Henry too focussed on France to launch full-scale invasion
Rough wooing to persuade Scots to marry Edward to Mary - 421543Greenwich Treaty Issue
Treaty outlined betrothal of Prince Edward and Mary
Not ratified by Scottish courts
Henry led raids on Edinburgh, Leith and St Andrews
Worsened relationship with Scotland - 431544French Invasion
Alliance with Charles
Coordinated attack on France
48,000 Men
Henry led English army but ill
Unsuccessful siege to Montreuil
Gained Bologne - 441545Battle of Ancrom Moor
France sent troops to help Scotland invade England
English defeated
French force in Isle of Wight sank and Henry's flagship (Mary-Rose) sank in Solen - 451546Treaty of Ardes
England hand over Bologne in return for gold
Never received the gold
Henry unable to raise funds for war through extraordinary taxes - sold crown lands; debased coinage (increasing inflation) and borrowed large sums from nobles
Campaign cost over 2 million - 1/3 forced loans and tax and rest from foreign markets
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- Biology AS Flashcards on Tudor Foreign Policy, created by Alice Hathaway on 18/04/2017.
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- Alice Hathaway
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