Flashcards
Soci 287 Unit 1: Introduction to Sociology
Cards in this deck (41)
- 1Archaeology of knowledgeFoulcault’s term for the process of “digging down” to find out how a piece of information was constructed, typically in order to discover or expose flaws in the way supposed facts or truths were established.
- 2Back stageThe site of private, personal, or intimate encounters between individuals.
- 3Bourgeoisie(Capitalists) Marx’s term for the owners of the means of production (or Capital).
- 4CapitalMarx's term for the funds and properties necessary for the large-scale manufacture and trade of goods.
- 5ClassMarx’s term for a socioeconomic group defined either relationally-with respect to their relationship to the means of production (e.g. owner, worker)-or absolutely, in terms of access to socially valued goods such as money, education, and respect.
- 6Conflict theory (or approach)A sociological perspective espousing the view that complex societies are made up of groups in conflict, with one or more groups domination or oppressing the others.
- 7Critical sociologySociology that challenges both established sociological theories and the research that sociologists do.
- 8Cultural mosaicA metaphor for any society in which individual ethnic groups are able to maintain distinctive identities.
- 9DiscourseA conceptual framework with its own internal logic and underlying assumptions. Different disciplines, such as sociology and psychology, have their own discourses.
- 10Disproportionate representationA situation that occurs when an atypically high or low number of a particular social group is associated with a specific situation.
- 11Dramaturgical approachA way of approaching sociological research as if everyday life were taking place on the stage of a theatre.
- 12EgalitarianThe principle that all people are equal and deserve equal rights and opportunities.
- 13EthnographyA research method, shared by sociology and social anthropology, in which communities or groups are studied through extensive fieldwork. Ethnography requires the researcher to participate daily in the lives of the subjects, observing their actions and asking questions.
- 14Folk societyA rural, small-scale homogenous society imbued with a strong sense of the sacred and the personal, usually in contrast to an urban society.
- 15Front stageThe site of social interactions designed for public display.
- 16IdeologyA relatively coherent set of interrelated beliefs about society and the people in it.
- 17Impression managementThe ways in which people present themselves publicly in specific roles and social circumstances.
- 18IntersectionalityThe way different social factors-“race”, and ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, class, age, and disability-combine to shape the negative experience of a minoritized group. The greater the number of negativity valued social locations you have, the greater of degree of discrimination you are likely to experience.
- 19Latent dysfunctionThe unintended negative consequence of a social process or institution.
- 20Macrosociologyg
- 21Manifest functiond
- 22Melting pott
- 23Microsociologyy
- 24NarrativesStories that reflect the lives and views of the tellers.
- 25Objectivess
- 26Policy sociologyg
- 27Political economyg
- 28Professional sociologyg
- 29Social factd
- 30Social gospele
- 31Social locationg
- 32Sociological imaginationg
- 33Sociologyf
- 34Standpoint theoryThe view that knowledge is developed from a particular lived position (standpoint), making objectivity impossible.
- 35Structural functionalismA sociological approach that examines
the way social systems operate by
viewing those systems in terms of the
various parts or structures of which they
are made. The structural-functionalist
approach views society as being like a
human body, made up of different
structures, with each having a vital
function in ensuring the survival of the whole body. - 36SubjectiveDenoting theories, beliefs, and opinions
influenced by emotions, personality, and
particular life
experiences of the individual.
The term is used in opposing ways: some
sociologists discredit
observation that is “merely subjective”
rather than “objective
fact”; others argue that all “facts” are to
some degree subjective but
hide behind the mask of objectivity. - 37Symbolic interactionalismA view of social behaviour that looks
at the meaning of daily social interactions, including the words and gestures we use and how these are interpreted by others. - 38Total institution(as described by Goffman) Institutions such
as the military, hospitals, and asylums that regulate all aspects of an individual’s life. - 39Totalitarian discourseany discourse that makes a universal claim about how all knowledge and understanding can be achieved.
- 40Vertical mozaicPorter’s metaphor to describe a society or nation in which there is a hierarchy of higher and lower ethnic groups. See cultural mosaic.
- 41Latent functionThe largely unintended and unrecognized positive consequence of a social process or institution.
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- Chapter 1: Introduction to Sociology
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- Patrick Schorno
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