Flashcards
DNA and RNA
Cards in this deck (16)
- 1What are Nucleic Acids?Polymers made up of Nucleotides - (DNA and RNA)
- 2What are the building blocks of DNA?DNA Nucleotides
- Pentose Sugar, Phosphate group and Nitrogenous Base
- Adenine-Thymine, Cytosine-Guanine - 3What is DNA?-Deoxyribonucleic Acid
-Found in ALL organisms
-All organisms built of proteins - 4What is a gene?A small section of DNA which codes for a Protein
- 5DNA structure-DNA Double Helix
-Complementary base pairing (AT, CG) - 6How does Nucleotides join together?Condensation reaction between sugar and Phosphate group --- Polynucleotide
- 7How DNA is formed?2 Polynucleotides join by hydrogen bonds between bases (AT, CG)
-Produces double strand
-The double strand coils into double helix - 8Properties of DNA Structure?-Double strand =
DNA stable + 2 strand acts as templates in semi-conservative replication
-Coil into Helix =
more compact
-Sugar-phosphate backbone =
protects bases
-Hydrogen bonds between bases = weak so easy separation during semi-conservative replication
-Complementary Base Pairing =
ensure identical copies of DNA made by semi-conservative replication - 9DNA ReplicationOccurs in interphase before mitosis and meiosis
occurs by semi-conservative replication
(S-CR) - 10Describe S-CR-DNA strands separate
-The two strands act as templates
-Produces identical copies of DNA
-Each has half original copy and half new - 11What is the process of Semi-conservative replicationProcess:
-DNA Helicase breaks bonds between complementary bases
-Double strands separate
-Free complementary bases bind to exposed bases on the template (A, T +G, C)
-DNA Polymerase joins the sugar-phosphate backbone of the new strand - 12Evidence for S-CR?-Replicating Bacterial DNA in 2 two types of NItrogen Isotopes, 15N and 14N
-15N = Heavy isotope
-14N =Light isotope
-Nitrogen found in nitrogenous bases of DNA
-Bacterial DNA made from 15N will have heavy density
-Bacterial DNA made from 14N will have light density
-EXPERIMENT - 13What is the Experiment for S-CR-Bacterial DNA made of 15N is replicated in 14N environment
-Each replication has 1 strand of 14N and 1 15N
-DNA has medium density - 14What is RNA?Ribonucleic Acid
- 15What are the 2 types of RNAmRNA (messenger RNA) - single-stranded
tRNA (transfer RNA) - single-stranded - 16what are the RNA nucleotidesAdenine, Urial
Guanine, Cytosine
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- A level Biology Flashcards on DNA and RNA, created by Charlotte Willis on 02/01/2018.
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- Charlotte Willis
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