Flashcards
Philosophy basics
Cards in this deck (16)
- 1What is the difference between proof and probability?Proof: A statement that cannot be false e.g. a circle is round
Probability: Points towards a certain conclusion but could be a different conclusion. It is not a logically necessary conclusion. Probability measures the likelihood of something. We have to weigh up the evidence to reach the most likely conclusion but it may still be wrong - 2What are the two main types of argument?PRAD (a priori, analytic and deductive)
or
POSI (a posteriori, synthetic and inductive) - 3Define a posterioriArguments which are based on experience/based on premises drawn from experience
- 4Define a prioriArguments which do not depend on evidence but on reason alone/based on premises which are not dependent on experience
- 5What does analytic mean?Premises contain the conclusion
- 6What does deductive mean?The conclusion is logically necessary
- 7What does synthetic mean?Premises do not contain the conclusion
- 8What does inductive mean?The conclusion is not logically necessary. The conclusion is not conclusive but probable
- 9What makes an argument valid?When it is logical but this does not necessarily make it true. For example, one of the premises might be incorrect
- 10What makes an argument sound?Where the logic is good and the premises are true
- 11What is the ad hominem argument?Attacking a person's character instead of the argument
- 12What is the straw man fallacy?Misrepresenting or exaggerating a person's argument in order to make them easier to attack
- 13What is post hoc?Claiming that because something happened before, it must be the cause
- 14What is a false dichotomy?Reducing the argument down to two possibilities
- 15What is a non sequitur?Assuming 'this' follows 'that' when it has no logical conclusion
- 16What is the bandwagon fallacy?Assuming that because a premise is popular, it is true
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- A level Religious Studies (Philosophy) Flashcards on Philosophy basics , created by Annabel Stock on 20/02/2018.
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- Annabel Stock
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