Flashcards
Year 11 - Topic 6: Disease, defence and treatment
Cards in this deck (19)
- 1What is the name given to harmful micro-organisms?Pathogens
- 2What are the four types of pathogens?Bacteria
Viruses
Protists
Fungi - 3What are the main parts of a bacterial cell?
- 4What are the main parts of a virus?
- 5How can bacteria, fungi and viruses be spread?• contact,
• aerosol,
• body fluids,
• water,
• insects,
• contaminated food. - 6What are the three body defences against infection?1. The skin stops microbes getting into the body.
2. Platelets stop microbes getting into the body through a cut.
3. White blood cells defend against microbes that are inside the body. - 7What are the 2 types of white blood cells?Phagocytes and lymphocytes
- 8How do phagocytes work to defend the body?
- 9How do lymphocytes work to defend the body?
- 10What is an antigen?A molecule that
is recognised by the immune
system - 11What are antibodies?Antibodies are specific to the antigen that is present. They neutralise the pathogen with the antigen.
- 12What is a vaccination?A vaccine introduces a small amount of dead or inactive pathogens into the body causing an immune response.
- 13After an antigen from a pathogen has been encountered, what does the body create for the future?Memory cells
- 14Why are memory cells important?If the pathogen enters the body in the future, the immune response will be much quicker
- 15What are antibiotics?Antibiotics help to cure bacterial
disease by killing the infecting
bacteria or preventing their
growth but do not kill viruses - 16How are antibiotics produced?Antibiotics, including penicillin, were originally medicines produced by living
organisms, such as fungi.
Antibiotics are now often chemically modified and so are semi-synthetic or synthetic. - 17How have some bacteria become resistant to antibiotics?Due to overuse of antibiotics (refer to natural selection)
- 18How can MRSA be controlled?MRSA control measures could include:
• hand washing
• thorough cleaning of hospital wards
• use of alcohol gels
• MRSA screening - 19Why is large scale, vigorous testing required for new drug treatments?All drugs may have side effects. New drugs, including medicinal drugs, may cause side effects that do not show up until lots of people use them.
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- GCSE Biology Flashcards on Year 11 - Topic 6: Disease, defence and treatment, created by Mrs Z Rourke on 29/03/2018.
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- Mrs Z Rourke
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