Flashcards
Applied Year 10 - Unit 2 - Topic 2.3.3 Fighting disease
Cards in this deck (15)
- 1What is the name given to harmful micro-organisms?Pathogens
- 2How can bacteria, fungi and viruses be spread?• contact,
• through the air,
• body fluids,
• water,
• insects,
• contaminated food. - 3What are the three body defences against infection?1. The skin stops microbes getting into the body.
2. Platelets stop microbes getting into the body through a cut.
3. White blood cells defend against microbes that are inside the body. - 4What do white blood cells do to protect against pathogens?White blood cells can:
• ingest pathogens and destroy them
• produce antibodies which inactivate particular pathogens
• produce antitoxins which counteract the toxins released by pathogens. - 5What are antigens?Antigens are proteins that are found on the surface of pathogens.
When an antigen enters the body, the immune system produces antibodies against it. Antigens are recognised by a special type of white blood cell called a lymphocyte. - 6What are lymphocytes?One type of white blood cell is called a lymphocyte. These are the cells responsible for producing antibodies.
- 7What are antibodies?Antibodies are specific to the antigen that is present. They neutralise the pathogen with the antigen.
- 8How do antibodies work?• they bind to pathogens and damage or destroy them
• they coat pathogens, clumping them together so that they are easily ingested by other white blood cells (called phagocytes)
• they bind to the pathogens and release chemical signals to attract more white blood cells (phagocytes) - 9What is a vaccination?A vaccine introduces a small amount of dead or inactive pathogens into the body causing an immune response.
- 10After an antigen from a pathogen has been encountered, what does the body create for the future?Memory cells
- 11Why are memory cells important?If the pathogen enters the body in the future, the immune response will be much quicker
- 12What are antibiotics?Antibiotics help to cure bacterial
disease by killing the infecting
bacteria or preventing their
growth but do not kill viruses - 13How are antibiotics produced?Antibiotics, including penicillin, were originally medicines produced by living
organisms, such as fungi.
Antibiotics are now often chemically modified and so are semi-synthetic or synthetic. - 14How have some bacteria become resistant to antibiotics?Due to overuse of antibiotics (refer to natural selection)
- 15How can MRSA be controlled?MRSA control measures could include:
• hand washing
• thorough cleaning of hospital wards
• use of alcohol gels
• MRSA screening
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- GCSE Biology Flashcards on Applied Year 10 - Unit 2 - Topic 2.3.3 Fighting disease, created by Mrs Z Rourke on 19/04/2018.
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- Mrs Z Rourke
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