Flashcards
Topic 5
Cards in this deck (53)
- 1Natural NumberA positive whole number including zero
- 2Integerany whole positive or negative number including 0
- 3Rational Numberany number that can be expressed as a fraction or ratio of integers
- 4Irrational NumberA number that cannot be represented as a fraction or ratio as the decimal form fill contain an infinite number of values
- 5Real Numberany positive or negative number with or without a fractional part
- 6Ordinal Numbera number used to identify position relative to other numbers
- 7Cardinal Numbera number that identifies the size of something
- 8well-ordered seta group of related numbers with a defined order
- 9Bita single binary digit from a binary number
- 10Bytea group of bits, typically 8, used to represent a single character
- 11Unitthe grouping together of bits or bytes to form larger blocks of measurement
- 12Number BaseThe number of digits available within a particular number system
- 13Unsigned Binarybinary that represents positive numbers only
- 14Unsigned Binary Addition Rules1. 0 + 0 + 0 = 0
2. 0 + 0 + 1 = 1
3. 0 + 1 + 1 = 10
4. 1 + 1 + 1 = 11 - 15Unsigned binary multiplication rulesput the number under each of the ones
- 16Fixed Pointwhere the decimal/binary point is fixed within a number
- 17Floating pointwhere the decimal/binary point can move within the number
- 18Overflowwhen a number is too large to be represented with the number of bits allocated
- 19Underflowwhen a number is too small to be represented with the number of bits allocated
- 20Precisionhow accurate a number is
- 21Absolute Errorthe actual amount by which a value is inaccurate and can be calculated by finding the difference between the given value and the actual value.
- 22Relative Errora measure of uncertainty in a given value compared to the actual value
which is relative to the size of the given value. - 23Character Codea binary representation of a particular letter, number or special character
- 24Parity Bita method of checking binary codes by counting the numbers of 0 and 1s in the code
- 25Majority Votinga method of checking for errors by producing the same data several times and checking if it is the same each time
- 26Check Digita digit is added to the end of the binary data to check the data is accurate
- 27Bit-Mapped Graphicsan image made up of individual pixels
- 28Pixelan individual picture element
- 29Resolutionwidth x height
- 30Colour Depththe number of bits allocated to represent the colour of a pixel in a bit mapped graphic
- 31Vector Graphicsan image made up of objects and co-ordinates
- 32file sizesample rate x length of recording x sampling resolution
- 33Compressionthe process of reducing the number of bits required to represent the data
- 34Losslessthe compressed file is as accurate as it was before compression
- 35Lossydegradation in the data after compression has taken place
- 36Run Length Encodinga method of compressing data by eliminating repeated data
- 37Dictionary Based Encodinga method of compressing text files
- 38Encryptionthe process of turning plaintext into scrambled ciphertext
- 39Decryptionthe process of deciphering encrypted data or messages
- 40Plaintextdata is human readable form
- 41Ciphertextdata that has been encrypted
- 42Caesar Ciphera substitution cipher where one character of plaintext is replaced for another
- 43Substitution Ciphera method of encryption where one character is substituted for another to create ciphertext
- 44Keyin cryptography it is the data that is used to encrypt and decrypt the data
- 45Polyalphabeticusing more than one alphabet
- 46Frequency Analysisin cryptography it is the study of how often different letters or phrases are used
- 47Transposition Ciphera method of encryption where the characters are rearranged to form an anagram
- 48Railfence Ciphera type of transposition cipher that encodes the message by splitting it over rows
- 49Route CipherA type of transposition cipher that encodes the message by placing it into a grid
- 50Vernam Ciphera method of encryption that uses a one time pad to create ciphertext that is mathematically impossible to decrypt without the key
- 51One-Time pada key that is only used once to encrypt and decrypt a message and then it is discarded
- 52Computational Securitya concept of how secure data encryption is
- 53Computational Hardnessthe degree of difficulty in cracking a cipher
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- Computing New Flashcards on Topic 5, created by Sam Carvell on 06/06/2019.
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- Sam Carvell
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