Flashcards
Electrolytes
Cards in this deck (12)
- 1pt with NV and dehydration, NA 152. expect which lab values? a. elevated urine specific gravity, elevated hemoglobin, decreased serum osmolality b. elevated urine specific gravity, elevated hemoglobin, elevated serum osmolality c. decreased urine specific gravity, elevated hemoglobin, decreased serum osmolality d. decreased urine specific gravity, decreased hemoglobin, elevated serum osmolalityb. elevated urine specific gravity, elevated hemoglobin, elevated serum osmolality
"if osmo is high you're likely dry" - 2which pt is highest risk for hyperkalemia? a. GI bleeding with admin of 3 units PRBCs b. severe vomiting and dehydration with admin 4L LR c. heart failure pt started on an ACE inhibitor and spironolactone d. refeeding syndrome after being NPO for 5 daysc. heart failure pt started on an ACE inhibitor and spironolactone
ACE blunts aldosterone- in the presence of aldosterone K is excreted by the renal tubules - 3development of a u wave on ECG is indicative of what? a. hypokalemia b. hypermagnesemia c. hypophosphatemia d. hypercalcemiaa. hypokalemia
also can cause ST depression, PVCs, prolonged QT interval
potentiates digoxin activity - 4what ECG change would you expect in a pt with K of 6.2? a. prolonged PR interval b. shortened QT interval c. tall peaked T waves d. prominent U wavec. tall peaked T waves
Give insulin to transport K back into cell
NA-K pump: NA-depolarization, K-repolarization (T wave) - 5patient in torsades de pointes. K 2.9 and mag 1.1 which electrolyte will you replace first? a. magnesium b. potassiuma. magnesium
- 6signs of hypermagnesemia include: a. tetany, rigid extremities b. muscle weakness, lethargy c. decreased deep tendon reflexes, tetany d. lethargy, torsades de pointesb. muscle weakness, lethargy
When mag is high pts get "mag drag" - 765 yo admitted after cardiac arrest. Labs K 4.7, Mg 5.2, Na 148. pt is hypotensive and flaccid. Which should you anticipate? a. emergent dialysis b. administer 1 amp calcium gluconate IV c. administer nebulized mucomyst d. administer kayexalateb. administer 1 amp calcium gluconate IV
- 8signs of hypocalcemia include: a. tall peaked T waves b. Chvostek's sign c. ST depression d. hepatojugular reflex signb. Chvostek's sign
facial twitch when tapping cheek - 9when taking pt's BP arm and hand muscles spasm. you suspect which electrolyte imbalance? a. hyperphosphatemia b. hypercalcemia c. hyperkalemia d. hypermagnesemiaa. hyperphosphatemia
Trousseau's sign - 10hypocalcemia s/sbronchospasm, bleeding
Ca needed to clot - 11If electrolytes are low you might see...alkolosis
if you drop acid you get high - 12hyperkalemia treatmentinsulin (transport Kback into cell)
albuteral (speeds up Na-Kpump)
dialysis (removes K)
Kayexalate (sodium polystyrene sulfonate)