Flashcards
biology 9.1 genetic diversity
Cards in this deck (23)
- 1what specifically makes organisms different?proteins
- 2what determines the variety of proteins?DNA
- 3what causes genetic diversity?differences in DNA
- 4what is an allele?a variation of the same gene.
- 5what is an example of what a gene then an allele may code for?gene - iris
allele - colour of iris - 6what is it about alleles that makes species (and their individuals) different from each other?the combination of alleles
- 7what does a greater number of different alleles lead to?greater genetic diversity of that species
- 8what does greater genetic diversity allow that species to do?the species will be more likely to adapt to an environmental change
- 9what are three factors that influence genetic diversity?-selective breeding
-the founder effect
-genetic bottlenecks - 10what is another term for selective breeding?artificial selection
- 11what is selective breeding?identifying individuals with desired characteristics and using them to parent the next gen.
- 12what happens to offspring without desired characteristics?killed or prevented from breeding
- 13what does killing or preventing those with undesirable characteristics do?alleles for unwanted characteristics are bred out of the population
- 14what does this restricted variety of alleles lead to?a population which only has the desired characteristics but leads to reduced genetic diversity
- 15how does the founder effect occur?when a few individuals from a population colonise a new region.
- 16what feature does this new colony show?less genetic diversity
- 17when is the founder effect commonly seen?when a volcanic island emerges and the few individuals that colonise it give rise to a new population that is genetically distinct from the populations left behind
- 18what may happen to the new populations?they could develop into a new species
- 19what id less likely to happen to these new populations?adapt to changing conditions due to reduced alleles
- 20what is a genetic bottleneck?a species may suffer as steep drop in numbers.
the few survivors posses a smaller variety of alleles, reducing genetic diversity.
as they breed, genetic diversity remains restricted. - 21what can cause a genetic bottleneck?natural factors - volcanic eruption
human factors - hunting - 22what is an example of a species that underwent this?the northern elephant seal
- 23what is an ethical issue with selective breeding?-interferes with nature.
-natural selection has been successful for millions of years.
-do other species have rights?
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- AS - Level AS Biology (unit 2 - 09. genetic diversity) Flashcards on biology 9.1 genetic diversity, created by Charlotte Hewson on 19/03/2015.
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- Charlotte Hewson
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