Flashcards
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Cards in this deck (183)
- 1Where is the porta pedis?**Between
- medial surface of calcaneus
- abductor hallucis muscle belly - 2Which muscle layer separates the abductor hallucis from the flexor digitorum brevis?Medial Pedal Intermuscular Septum (of
the foot) - 3Which of the following is an extension of plantar fascia that lies intermediate & separates the abductor digiti minimi and flexor digitorum brevis?Lateral (Pedal) Intermuscular Septum of
the Foot - 4Which of the following muscles in the plantar foot has part origin from the flexor (laciniate) retinaculum/ligament?abductor hallucis
- 5List structures that attach to the medial (pedal) intermuscular septumcalcaneus
navicular
medial cuneiform
1st metatarsal base - 6All muscles are innervated by the medial plantar nerve Except? LAFFabductor digiti minimi
- 7What structures form the medial (pedal) intermuscularmedial and central bands of plantar fascia
- 8List structures that attach to the lateral (pedal) intermuscular septumcalcaneus
cuboid
5th metatarsal base - 9Which structure separates (lies intermediate) the 3rd and 4th plantar muscle layers?interosseous fascia
- 10Both the FDB and Oblique head of the Adductor Hallucis are superficial to what tendon? (1st and 3rd layer)Tibialias posterior tendon
- 11Which muscles originate from the calcaneal tuberosityAbductor hallucis
Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digitorum brevis - 12Blood and nerve supply to the abductor hallucis and flexor digitorum brevismedial plantar artery
medial plantar nerve - 13Blood and nerve supply to the abductor digit minimi muscle?lateral plantar nerve
lateral plantar artery - 14What creates the 2 heads of origin for the Quadratus Plantae?long plantar ligament
- 15Which muscle inserts into the tendon of the flexor digitorum longusquadratus plantae
- 16Which muscle originates into the tendon of the flexor digitorum longuslumbrical muscles
- 17Innervation to lumbrical muscles1st - medial plantar nerve
2-4 - deep branch of lateral plantar nerve - 18Blood supply to lumbricalsplantar metatarsal arteries (1-4)
- 19Action of lumbricalsplantarflex at MPJ
dorsiflex (extend) at PIPJ & DIPJ - 20The second lumbrical muscle is innervated by which nerve?deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve
- 21What nerve innervates most of the lumbricals?deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve
- 22The 1st lumbrical is innervated by the:medial plantar nerve
- 23Where do the lumbricals insertthe medial aspect of the extensor wing portion of the extensor expansion/ extensor hood apparatus at the proximal phalangeal base
- 24The flexor hallucis brevis and abductor hallucis both share which insertionmedial sesamoid & base of proximal phalanx
- 25The flexor hallucis brevis and ADDuctor hallucis - oblique head both share which insertionlateral sesamoid & base of proximal phalanx
- 26Arterial supply to the flexor hallucis brevis1st plantar metatarsal artery
- 27Which muscle in the foot originates from the tendon of the posterior tibialias?flexor hallucis brevis - medial part
- 28Which muscle in the foot is specifically innervated by the superficial branch of the lateral plantar nerveflexor digit minimi
3rd plantar interosseoi - 29The insertion of the adductor hallucis (oblique head) passes (above/dorsal or below/plantar) to the deep transverse metatarsal ligamentabove/dorsal
- 30Which digit (besides hallux) does not receive plantar interosseous insertion2nd digit
- 31What is attached to the Medial side of proximal phalanx and laterally to the extensor expansion of the 3rd digit/toe1st plantar interossei
- 32What is attached to the Medial side of proximal phalanx and laterally to the extensor expansion of the 4th digit?2nd plantar interossei
3rd lumbrical - 33What is attached to the Medial side of proximal phalanx and laterally to the extensor expansion of the 5th digit?3rd plantar interossei
- 34Which digit does not receive insertion from dorsal interossei muscle tendon?5th digit/toe
- 35Which of the following is attached to the 5th digit? A. 3rd plantar interossei or B. 4th dorsal interosseiA. 3rd plantar interossei
- 36Damage to extensor expansion of the 4 digit, most likely affected?2nd plantar interossei
- 37The plantar interossei (1-3) insert into which respective digits3, 4, 5
- 38Surgery on medial side of 2nd toe, what muscle will be present?1st DORSAL INTEROSSEI
1st lumbrical - 39Surgery on lateral side of 2nd toe, what muscle will be present?2nd DORSAL INTEROSSEI
- 40Surgery on lateral side of 3rd toe, what muscle will be present?3rd DORSAL INTEROSSEI
- 41Surgery on lateral side of 4th toe, what muscle will be present?4th DORSAL INTEROSSEI
- 42Which nerve innervates the dorsal interdigital space between the first and second toes?Medial terminal branch of the deep peroneal
- 43Which of these muscles have the most pennae?dorsal interossei muscle
- 44Which artery passes between the 1st and 2nd layer of the foot: dorsal (above) the flexor digitorum brevis and plantar quadratus plantaelateral plantar artery
- 45Which two muscles does the lateral plantar artery lie intermediate?Flexor digitorum brevis
Quardatus Plante - 46Which artery passes distally intermediate to the abductor digit minimi and flexor digiti mini brevis?proper digital plantar artery 10
- 47Which artery passes intermediate between the 3rd and 4th layers of the foot?plantar arterial arch
- 48Which artery anastomoses with the deep plantar arteryplantar arterial arch
- 49Which artery passes medially at the metatarsal bases dorsal (above) to the oblique head of the adductor hallucis and plantar (below) to the interossei?plantar arch artery
- 50Structures dorsal/above/superior to the deep transverse metatarsal ligament1-4 plantar metatarsal arteries
dorsal & plantar interossei - 51Structures plantar/below/interossei the deep transverse metatarsal ligamentLumbricals
Common digital plantar nerves 2-9 - 52Structures that are distal and dorsal/above the deep transverse metatarsal ligamentcommon digital plantar arteries 2-9
- 53What artery on the plantar side provides connecting circulation to the dorsal side?plantar arch artery
- 54Plantar arch is made by Lateral Plantar Artery and what other artery?deep plantar artery
- 55The plantar arch artery gives rise to 4 plantar metatarsal arteries and anastomoses with which artery?deep plantar artery
- 56What artery on the dorsal side provides connecting circulation to the plantar side?deep plantar artery
- 57Which artery runs distally intermediate to the abductor hallucis and flexor digitorum brevis muscles within the 1st layer?superficial branch of the medial plantar artery
- 58The superifical digital branch of the medial plantar artery anastomoses with1, 2, 3 PLANTAR METATARSAL ARTERIES
- 59What supplies the medial plantar aspect of the hallux?Proper digital plantar artery 1
(of hallux) - 60Which two structures does the deep branch (ramus profundus) of medial plantar artery anastomose with?plantar arch artery
1st plantar metatarsal artery - 61Proper digital plantar nerves 8 and 9 are cutaneous branches from thefourth common digital plantar nerve from the lateral plantar nerve - superficial branch
- 62The subtalar joint receives innervation from which TWO structuresmedial plantar nerves
lateral dorsal cutaneous nerves - 63The subtalar joint receives arterial supply from branches of the: (list 5)lateral tarsal artery- dorsalis pedis
artery of sinus tarsi - PP
artery to tarsal canal - PTA - 64The talo-calcaneo-navicular joint (TNC) receives innervation from which TWO stucturesdeep peroneal nerve
medial plantar nerve - 65The talo-calcaneo-navicular joint receives arterial supply from branches of the: (list 3)dorsalis pedis
medial tarsal artery
perforating peroneal artery
posterior tibial artery - 66Which of the following structures is located within the canalis tarsi?interosseous talocalcaneal ligament
- 67Which ligament separates subtalar joint and talocalcaneonavicular joint?Interosseous talocalcaneal ligament
- 68Which structural/anatomical joint is a synovial sellar (saddle shape) joint that allows the following movements:Calcaneocuboid Joint
- 69The CalcaneoCuboid joint receives innervation from which THREE (3) structureslateral plantar nerve
deep peroneal nerve
lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve - 70The CalcaneoCuboid joint receives arterial supply from branches of the: (list 3)dorsalis pedis
lateral plantar artery
perforating peroneal arteries - 71The bifurcate ligament is a component of which of the following joints?CalcaneoCuboid joint
- 72The short plantar ligament is also known as the:plantar calcaneo-cuboid ligament
- 73The spring ligament is also known as theplantar calcaneo-navicular ligament
- 74Great Tarsal Joint receives innervation from which four (4) nerveslateral plantar nerve
medial plantar nerve
deep peroneal nerve
intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve - 75Great Tarsal Joint receives arterial supply from branches of the: List 3dorsalis pedis
meidal plantar artery
lateral plantar artery - 76Which ligament separates the great tarsal joint from the medial tarsometatarsal joint (First Cuneometatarsal Joint)lisfranc's ligament
(medial interosseous tarsometatarsal ligament) - 77Which ligament separates the great tarsal joint from the functional midtarsal jointinterosseous cuboideo-navicular ligament
- 78Which two (2) ligaments separate the great tarsal joint from the lateral tarsometatarsal joint?lateral interosseous tarsometatarsal ligament
(more distal)
interosseous cuneocuboid ligament
(more proximal) - 79Which two (2) forefoot joints are NOT part of the Great Tarsal Joint?First Cuneometatarsal Joint
(Medial Tarsometatarsal Joint)
Lateral Tarsometatarsal Joint /
(Cuboideometatarsals 4 and 5 Joint) - 80List the nerves that innervate the First Cuneometatarsal Joint (Medial Tarsometatarsal Joint)medial plantar nerve
deep peroneal nerve - 81List the arteries that supply the First Cuneometatarsal Joint (Medial Tarsometatarsal Joint)dorsalis pedis
medial plantar artery - 82List the nerves that innervate the Lateral Tarsometatarsal Joint (Cuboideometatarsals 4 and 5 Joint)lateral plantar nerve
lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve - 83Which Ligament separates the posterior facet from the anterior facet in the STJ Anatomical jointInterosseous Talocalcaneal Ligament
(Ligament of the Tarsal Canal) - 84Subtalar joint pronation includeseversion
dorsiflexion
abduction - 85Subtalar joint supinationinversion
plantarflexion
adduction - 86Which joint forms the CYMA LINE on lateral view radiographsmid-tarsal joint
(transverse tarsal joint)
(choparts joint) - 87Two tri-planar functional joints of the footSubtalar joint
Midtarsal Joint - 88What articulation is reniform "kidney" shaped?tarsometatarsal joint
(lisFrancs joint) - 89Interosseous Ligaments that support transverse tarsal jointinterosseous intercuneiform ligament
interosseous cuneocuboid ligament
Plantar Cuneocuboid Ligament
Plantar Intercuneiform Ligaments - 90Which ligaments support/reinforce the sub-talar joint?lateral talo-calcaneal ligament
posterior talo-calcaneal ligament
Medial Talocalcaneal Ligamen - 91Structures that attach to the sinus tarsibifurcate ligament (choparts)
cervical ligament/Anterior Talocalcaneal Ligament
interosseous talocalcaneal ligament
inferior extensor retinaculum (CCL)
fondiform ligament
inferior peroneal retinaculum - 92Structures that attach to the retrotrochlear eminencesuperior peroneal retinaculum
- 93Which structure runs parallel with the calcaneofibular ligament?superior peroneal retinaculum
- 94What structure forms the superior peroneal retinaculum?fascia cruris
- 95Which structure creates a pulley for the peroneus longs tendon at the distoplantar calcaneus?inferior peroneal retinaculum
- 96Which structures does the inferior peroneal retinaculum attach?sinus tarsi
peroneal trochlea
postero-lateral calcaneus - 97Which structure forms the inferior peroneal retinaculum?fascia dorsalis pedis
- 98Which ligament helps maintain the lateral longitudinal arch?short plantar ligament/plantar calcaneocuboid ilgament
long plantar ligament (calcaneocuboid) - 99Which ligaments helps maintain the medial longitudinal arch?spring ligament/plantar calcaneonavicular ligament
- 100Which two ligaments blend to form the tibiospring ligament?plantar calcaneonavicular ligament
tibionavicular ligament - 101Which ligament helps form the peroneal/fibular canal?long plantar ligament
- 102Synovial joints of the foot:talocalcaneal joint
talocalcaneonavicular joint
great tarsal joint
1st cuneo-metatarsal joint
(medial tarsometatarsal joint)
subtalar joint - 103Which of the following bones are part of the medial longitudinal arch of the foot? Select the three that apply.talus
navicular
calcaneus - 104Which ligament on the plantar surface of the foot contains articular cartilagespring ligament
(plantar calcaneonavicular ligament) - 105What type of joint is the MTPJsynovial ellipsoid joint
- 106Movement of the MTPJ includeabduction
adduction
flexion
extension
circumduction - 107What type of joint are the IPJ'ssynovial ginglymus hinge joint
- 108Movement of the IPJ'splantar-flexion
dorsiflexion - 109Which ligament is damaged when a patient step on the medial side of the great toe distal to the sesamoid?Medial collateral ligament of 1st MPJ
Medial Sesamophalangeal Ligament - 110Which ligament is damaged when a patient step on the lateral side of the great toe distal to the sesamoid?Lateral collateral ligament of 1st MPJ
Lateral Sesamophalangeal Ligament - 111Which two structures make up the suspensory ligaments of the great toemedial metatarso-sesmoid ligament
lateral metatarso-sesmoid ligament - 112Which ligament passes from the lateral surface of the tibial sesamoid to the medial surface of fibular sesamoidinter-sesamoid ligament
- 113Which of the following muscles can both dorsiflex and evert the foot.extensor digitorum longus
- 114The dorsalis pedalis artery of the foot can be palpated on the medial side of which tendon?extensor digitorum longus
- 115The dorsalis pedalis artery of the foot can be palpated on the lateral side of which tendon?extensor hallucis longs
- 116How is the EDL able to dorsiflex and evert the foot?its tendons pass lateral to the subtalar joint and midtarsal joint axes promoting dorsiflexion and eversion
- 117Which muscle is an antagonist to the second dorsal interosseous muscle?First dorsal interosseous
- 118The extensor wing is formed by the:lumbricals
extensor digitorum longus tendon
extensor digitorum brevis tendon. - 119Damage to extensor expansion along the medial aspect of the proximal phalangeal base of 4th toe, most likely affects which structure?2nd plantar interossei
- 120What is the least common accessory ossicle (sesamoid)?os intermetatarseum
Os Intercuneiformis
Pars Peronea Metatarsalis I
(Os cuneometatarsale I plantare) - 121Which accessory bone located at the posterior aspect of the talusos trigonum
- 122Which accessory bone (sesamoid) is located next to styloid process of the 5th metatarsalos veslaianum
- 123Which accessory bone (sesamoid) is located within the tibialis posterior tendon at the plantar aspect of the navicular tuberosityos tibiale externum
- 124Which accessory bone is located dorsal to the talar neckos supratalare
- 125What is the keratin folds at the proximal edge of nail plate and overlies the nail matrixeponychium
- 126Where is the hyponychium located?Below the free Edge of Nail plate distal, anteriorly
- 127Which part of the nail is the hardening of the epidermis and serves to protect the distal end of the digit/toenail plate
- 128Small ridge of transparent skin dorsal to the proximal edge of the nail plate that creates a seal around the nail to prevent infection.cuticle
- 129The nail bed spans from thematrix and lunula to the hypOnychium
- 130Which nail structures attaches to the base of the distal phalanx?matrix
- 131Nails grow primarily from which structure?matrix
- 132Which ligament originates from the inferior (lateral) fibular fossatransverse TIBFIB ligament
posterior talofibular ligament - 133Which ligament of the foot is attached to the anterior tubercle of the calcaneus?Short plantar ligament
- 134Which of the following structures lies deepest in the dorsum of the foot?ARCUATE artery
- 135Where does the Peroneal Synovial Sheath split?peroneal trochlea of calcaneus
- 136Which tendon is enclosed in a synovial sheath along with the EDL?Peroneus tertius
- 137Which of the following tendons shares a common synovial sheath with fibularis (peroneus) brevis?Fibularis (peroneus) longus
- 138The adjacent sides of the second and third toes on the dorsal surface receive cutaneous innervation from which of the following nerves?medial dorsal cutaneous nerve
- 139Which of the following nerves innervates the first MPJ?medial terminal branch of the deep
peroneal and medial plantar nerve - 140What is nerve supply to dorsal lateral hallux and medial aspect of 2nd toe ?deep peroneal nerve
- 141Which structure does the deep peroneal nerve enter?anterior intermuscular septum
(anterior crural fascial septum) - 142Which compartment does the peroneal artery lie within?posterior compartment
(DOES NOT LIE WITIHN LATERAL COMPARTMENT) - 143What type of joint is the ankle joint?ginglymus (hinge) joint
- 144Arterial supply to the ankle jointanterior tibial artery
peroneal artery
perforating peroneal artery
posterior tibial artery - 145Nerve supply to the ankle jointtibial nerve
deep peroneal nerve
sural nerve
saphenous nerve - 146The concavity of the ankle mortise is formed by thetibia
fibula
transverse tibiofibular ligament
talus - 147The capsule of the ankle joint is attached to thetalus
tibia
fibula - 148The capsule of the ankle joint is attached to all structures EXCEPTanterior trochlea tali
- 149Which of the following ligaments is under the greatest tension when the foot is plantarflexed and inverted?anterior talofibular ligament
- 150The calcaneal attachment for the calcaneofibular ligament is known as the ?peroneal trochlea (supero-posterior calcaneus)
- 151All of the following ligaments are capsular ligaments EXCEPT?calcaneofibular ligament
- 152The calcaneal attachment for the calcaneotibial ligament is known as the ?calcaneotibial ligament
- 153the most commonly injured ligament in ankle sprainsAnterior Talofibular Ligament
- 154Which ligament limits inversion of rearfoot and prevents excessive ankle joint dorsiflexioncalcaneofibular ligament
- 155Which ligament extends from the summit of the lateral malleolus to the lateral aspect of the calcaneus, just proximal and superior to the peroneal trochleacalcaneofibular ligament
- 156Which ligament prevents posterior displacement of the talus from the ankle mortise and prevents excessive ankle joint dorsiflexionposterior talofibular ligament
- 157Which of the following ligaments comprise the "Deep" ligament(s) of the deltoid?Anterior talotibial ligament
Deep Posterior talotibial - 158Which of the following ligaments comprise the superficial ligament(s) of the deltoid?tibionavaciular ligament
calcaneotibial ligament
superficial posterior talotibial ligament - 159Which deltoid ligament is the strongest?Calcaneotibial ligament
- 160Which deltoid ligament is the weakest?tibionavicular ligament
- 161Which ligament prevents anterior displacement of the talus from the ankle mortise and prevents excessive ankle joint plantar flexionAnterior talotibial ligament
- 162Which ligaments prevent the posterior displacement of the talus from the ankle mortise and prevents excessive ankle joint dorsiflexiondeep posterior talotibial ligament
superficial posterior talotibial ligament - 163Which of the following is the strongest deltoid ligament and limits eversion of the calcaneuscalcaneotibial ligament
- 164Which artery directly supplies the body of the talus?deltoid artery
- 165Which two arteries supply the head and neck of talus?medial tarsal artery
lateral tarsal artery
artery of sinus tarsi
Artery of the Tarsal Canal - 166The perforating peroneal artery anastomoses with which structure to form the artery of the sinus tarsi?lateral tarsal artery
- 167Which of the following does NOT innervate the ankle joint compelx?superficial peroneal nerve
- 168Tarsal tunnel syndrome is the result of an entrapment of which nerve?medial plantar
lateral plantar
tibial nerve - 169Where does the PT artery split into MP and LP artery?tarsal tunnel (near porta pedis)
- 170Which of the following veins of the foot receive the intercapitular veins from the plantar cutaneous venous arch and joint to form the short digital veinsdorsal digital veins
- 171Nerve supply to the 5th digit (dorsal aspect)LDCN - branch of sural nerve
IDCN to the medial side from SPN - 172What is the proximal origin of the spring ligamentsustentaculum tali (calcaeunus)
- 173What is the distal insertion of the spring ligamentnavicular tuberosity
- 174What is the common insertion of the deltoid and spring ligaments?navicular
- 175Muscle that abducts a toe from the midline of the bodyadductor hallucis
- 176The deep branch of the medial plantar artery anastomose with which TWO structures?plantar arch
1st plantar metatarsal artery - 177What artery do most of the dorsal metatarsal arteries branch from?arcuate artery
- 178Which vascular structure passes medially at the metatarsal bases, dorsal to the oblique head of adductor hallucis muscle and plantar to the interossei muscles; intermediate to layers 3 and 4plantar arch
- 179Which ligament does not cross the midtarsal joint?Interosseous talocalcaneal Ligament
Medial Talocalcaneal Ligament - 180What muscles do not originate from the calcaneusFLEXOR digiti minimi brevis
Flexor Hallucis Brevis Muscle - 181What nerve gives dorso-medial cutaneous innervation to the 3rd toe?medial dorsal cutaneous nerve
- 182The plantar surface of the 4th toe is innervated byMedial and lateral plantar = PDPN 7,8
- 183Which of the following is not innervated by the MPN?plantar interossei
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