Flashcards
Body Tissues
Cards in this deck (64)
- 1What are the four basic tissue types?1. Epithelial tissue
2. Connective tissue
3. Muscle tissue
4. Nervous tissue - 2In one word, what's the basic function of epithelial tissue?Covering
- 3In one word, what's the basic function of connective tissue?Support
- 4In one word, what's the basic function of muscle tissue?Movement
- 5In one word, what's the basic function of nervous tissue?Control
- 6What is epithelial tissue for, generally? (4 points)Covers a body surface
Lines internal cavities
Forms endothelium
Forms parts of most glands - 7What are the functions of epithelial tissue? (5 points)Protection
Diffusion
Absorption, secretion, and ion transport
Filtration
May for slippery surfaces - 8What are the physical characteristics of epithelia? (3 points)Joined by special junctions
Minimal extracellular material between cells
Polarity--apical/basal regions are different (separated by tight junctions, microvili or cilia on apical surface, basement membrane on basal surface) - 9What's the general picture of what surrounds epithelia?Innervated by sensory nerves
Supported by connective tissue
Nutrition from blood in connective tissue - 10What happens when an epithelial cell is lost?Regeneration of lost cells is rapid and happens through cell division
- 11How do the three primary germ layers turn into epithelia?Ectoderm - epidermis
Mesoderm - endothelium, mesothelium (covers organs in ventral body cavities) & secretory glands of some glands
Endoderm - lines the inside of the gut tube and its derivatives: respiratory tract, digestive organs, and ur - 12What are the two types of cell layers of epithelia?SImple
Stratified - 13What's the essential difference between simple and stratified epithelia?Simple is a single layer of cells
Stratified is more than one layer of cells
Stratified is for protection
Stratified is named according to layer of cells at apical surface
Stratified generates at basal layer - 14What are the characteristics of simple squamous epithelium? (3 points)Forms a single layer
Flat
Disc-shaped nucleus - 15What's the function of sinple squamous epithelium? (3 points)Passive diffusion
Filtration
Secretes lubricating substances in serosae - 16Where is simple squamous epithelium located? (4 points)Kidney glomeruli
Air sacks of lung
Heart, blood/lymphatic vessels
Serosae (thin membranes) in ventral cavity - 17What are the characteristics of simple cuboidal epithelium? (3 points)Single layer
Cube-like cells
Large, speherival central nucleus - 18What's the function of simple cuboidal epithelium? (2 points)Secretion
Absorbtion - 19Where is simple cuboidal epithelium located? (3 points)Kidney tubules
Secretory portions of small glands
Ovary surface - 20What are the characteristics of simple columnar epithelium? (5 points)Single layer
Column-shaped
Round to oval nucleus
Ciliated & nonciliated variety (cilia at apical surface)
May contain goblet cells (mucus-secreting unicellular glands) - 21What's the function of simple columnar epithelium? (3 points)Absorbtion
Secretion of mucus, enzymes & other substances
Ciliated variety propels mucus or reproductive cells - 22Where is simple columnar epithelium located in its ciliated form? (3 points)Lining of small bronchi
Uterine tubes
Uterus - 23Where is simple columnar epithelium located in its nonciliated form?Lining of digestive tract from stomach to anus
Gall bladder
Ducts of some secretory glands - 24What are the characteristics of pseudostratified columnar epithelium? (4 points)Cells originate at basement membrane
Tall cells make it to the apical surface
Nuclei lie at varying heights within cells
May contain goblet cells and contain cilia - 25What is the function of pseudostratified columnar epithelium? (2 points)Secretion of mucus
Propulsion of mucus by cilia - 26Where is paeudostratified columnar epithelium located in its ciliated form? (1 point)Lines trachea and most of upper respiratory tract
- 27Where is pseudostratified columnar epithelium located in its nonciliated form? (2 points)Sperm carrying ducts
Ducts of some large glands - 28What are the characteristics of stratified squamous epithelium? (3 points)Multiple layers of squamous cells at the top
Deeper layers appear cuboidal or colmnar and are metabolically active
Thickest epithelial tissue - 29What is the function of stratified squamous epithelium? (1 point)Protects underlying tissues in areas subject to abrasion
- 30Where is stratified squamous epithelium located in its keratinized form? (1 point)Epidermis of skin, a dry membrane
- 31What characteristics does keratinized epithelium have? (3 points)Protection from keratin protein
Waterproof
Cells are dead and full of keratin - 32Where is stratified squamous epithelium located in its nonkeratinized form? (1 point)Moist linings of mucus membranes of body openings (mouth, esophagus, anus, vagina, urethra)
- 33What are the characteristics of stratified cuboidal epithelium? (1 point)Generally two layers of cube shaped cells
- 34What's the function of stratified cuboidal epithelium? (1 point)Protection
- 35Where is stratified columnar epithelium located? (3 points)Ducts of mammary glands
Ducts of salivary glands
Ducts of largest sweat glands - 36What are the characteristics of stratified columnar epithelium? (2 points)Multiple layers
Cells at apical surface are colmnar while basal cells are usually cuboidal - 37What's the function of stratified columnar epithelium? (2 points)Protection
Secretion - 38Where is stratified columnar epithelium located? (2 points)(Rare, but...)
Male urethra in small amounts
Large ducts of some glands - 39What are the characteristics of transition epithelium? (3 points)Characteristics of both stratified cuboidal and stratified squamous
Superficial cells dome-shaped (cuboidal-like) when bladder is relaxed, squamous when full
Basal cells cuboidal or columnar - 40What'a the function of transitional epithelium? (1 point)Stretches readily when urine present
- 41Where is transitional epithelium located? (3 points)Epithelium of urinary bladder
Uretus
Proximal urethra - 42What is connective tissue, generally? (2 points)Has relatively few cells
Has lots of extracellular matrix - 43What is the extracellular matrix of connective tissue composed of? (2 points)Ground substance
Embedded with protein fibers - 44How is the extracellular matrix in connective tissue made?Made by cells of the connective tissue
- 45What is the ground substance in connective tissue? (5 points)Varies for each type of connective tissue
Non-cellular components
Amorphous, gel-like substance composed of sugar-protein molecules and water
Holds fluid
Cushions, protects, and reinforces
In bones, hard and calcified - 46How is the ground substance in connective tissue made? (1 point)Made by primary cell type of the tissue
- 47What are the protein fibers in the connective tissue extracellular matrix? (2 points)Make up the fibrous portion, providing support
Type, density, and distribution of fibers are distinctive for each type of connective tissue - 48What are the 3 types of protein fibers in the connective tissue extracellular matrix? (3 points)Collagen fibers
Reticular fibers
Elastic fibers - 49What are the characteristics of collagen fibers? (2 points)Strongest type of fiber
Resist tension - 50What are the characteristics of reticular fibers? (1 point)Made up of a special type of collagen fibers that crosslink to form a mesh and support structures
- 51What are the characteristics of elastic fibers? (2 points)Contain elastin
Recoil after stretching - 52What are the four types of connective tissue?Connective Tissue Proper
Collagen
Bone Tissue
Blood - 53What are the 3 types of primary cells that form the extracellular matrix in connective tissue? (3 points)Fibroblasts (connective tissue proper)
Chondroblasts (cartilage)
Osteoblasts (bone) - 54What are the characteristics of connective tissue proper? (4 points)Extracellular matrix (ground substance & all 3 types of protein fibers)
Cells (fibroblasts, defense cells, adipose cells)
Nervous fibers
Capillaries - 55What are the two subclasses of connective tissue proper? (2 points)Loose connective tissue
Dense connective tissue - 56What are the three subtypes of loose connective tissue? (3 points)Areolar
Adpiose
Reticular - 57What are the three subtypes of dense connective tissue?Dense regular
Dense irregular
Dense elastic - 58What are the characteristics of loose connective tissue? (2 points)Most widespread type of connective tissue proper
Fibers are spread throughout the tissue, but separated by ground substance - 59What are the three defining features of areolar connective tissue? (3 points)Protein fibers
Ground substance
Tissue fluid - 60What types of fibers does areolar connective tissue have? (3 points)Collagen
Reticular
Elastic
(all made by fibroblasts) - 61What are the characteristics of the ground substance in areolar connective tissue?Spongy, viscous
Consists of sugar and protein molecules - 62What is the tissue fluid (interstitial fluid) of the areolar connective tissue made up of? (1 point)Tissue fluid derived from blood
- 63How does areolar connective tissue do with water?Water occupies the extracellular matrix
Holds and conveys tissue fluid - 64Where is areolar connective tissue located? (4 points)Widely distributed under epithelia
Forms lamina propria of mucous membranes
Packages organs
Surrounds small nerves and capillaries
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- Anatomy Flashcards on Body Tissues, created by alexito91 on 31/08/2015.
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