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Flashcards

Digestive System

Brooke Leckey Human Bioscience English 52 cards

Cards in this deck (52)

  1. 1Intake of fluids or other substances by cells of the skin or mucous membranes; the passage of digested foods from the gastrointestinal tract into blood or lymph.Absorption
  2. 2The outermost covering of a structure or organ; the superficial coat of the ureters and the posterior and inferior surfaces of the urinary bladder.Adventitia
  3. 3An enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of starch. Found in saliva and pancreatic fluid.Amylase
  4. 4The distal end and outlet of the rectumAnus
  5. 5A secretion of the liver consisting of water, bile salts, bile pigments, cholesterol, lecithin, and several ions that emulsifies lipids prior to their digestion.Bile
  6. 6A soft, wounded mass, usually food, that is swallowed.Bolus
  7. 7A blind pouch at the proximal end of the large intestine that attaches to the ileum.Caecum
  8. 8Small ducts between hepatocytes that collect bile produced by the hepatocytes and pass it into the bile ductules.Bile Canaliculi
  9. 9A valve at the base of the esophagus that acts like a valve to ensure unidirectional flow of ingested food.Cardia/ Cardiac Sphincter
  10. 10The semifluid mixture of partly digested food and digestive secretions found in the stomach and small intestine during digestion of a meal.Chyme
  11. 11Permanent, deep, transverse folds in the mucosa and submucosa of the small intestine that increase the surface area for absorption.Circular Folds
  12. 12The portion of the large intestine consisting of ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid portions.Colon
  13. 13Tubular glands of the intestinal mucous membraneCrypts of Lieberkuhn
  14. 14The discharge of feces from the rectum.Defecation
  15. 15The act of swallowingDeglutition
  16. 16The mechanical and chemical breakdown of food to simple molecules that can be absorbed and used by the body cells.Digestion
  17. 17The first 25cm if the small intestine, which connects the stomach and the ileum.Duodenum
  18. 18The dispersion of large lipid globules into smaller, uniformly distributed particles in the presence of bile.Emulsification
  19. 19The part of a hollow organ the farthest from the opening; the rounded portion of the stomach superior to and to the left of the cardia; the broad portion of the gall bladder that projects downward beyond the inferior border of the liver.Fundus
  20. 20A small pouch, located inferior to the liver, that stores bile and empties by means of the cystic duct.Gall Bladder
  21. 21A continuous tube running through the ventral body cavity extending from the mouth to the anus.Gastrointestinal Tract/ Alimentary canal
  22. 22Liver cellsHepatocytes
  23. 23Acid secreted by the stomach. Releases H+ which activates pepsinogen turning it into pepsin.Hydrochloric Acid
  24. 24The terminal part of the small intestineIleum
  25. 25The process of taking food, drink, or another substance into the body by swallowing or absorbing it.Ingestion
  26. 26The middle part of the small intestine.Jejunum
  27. 27One of many lymphatic vessels in the villi of the intestines that absorb triglycerides and other lipids from digested food.Lacteal
  28. 28Enzymes that split triglycerides and phospholipidsLipases
  29. 29Large organ under the diaphragm that occupies most of the right hypochondriac region and part of the epigastric region. Functionally, it produces bile and synthesises most plasma proteins; interconverts nutrients; detoxifies substances; stores glycogen, iron, and vitamins; carries on phagocytosis of worn-out blood cells and bacteria; and helps synthesise the active form of vitamin D.Liver
  30. 30Small lobesLobules
  31. 31ChewingMastication
  32. 32Microscopic, fingerlike projections of the plasma membranes of cells that increase surface area for absorption, especially in the small intestine and proximal convoluted tubules of the kidneys.Microvilli
  33. 33A membrane that lines a body cavity that opens to the exterior. Also called the mucous membrane.Mucosa
  34. 34A muscular layer of an organ.Muscularis
  35. 35A slippery aqueous secretion produced by, and covering, mucous membranes.Mucus
  36. 36The hollow muscular tube that connects the pharynx and the stomach.Oesophagus
  37. 37A soft, oblong organ lying along the greater curvature of the stomach and connected by a duct to the duodenum. It is both an exocrine gland (pancreatic juice) and an endocrine gland (secreting insulin, glucagon, somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide).Pancreas
  38. 38Protein-digesting enzyme secreted by chief cells of the stomach in the inactive form pepsinogen, which is converted to ti's active form by HClPepsin
  39. 39Successive muscular contractions along the wall of a hollow muscular structure.Peristalsis
  40. 40The throat; a tube that starts at the internal nares and runs part way down the neck, where it opens into the oesophagus posteriorly and the larynx anteriorly.Pharynx
  41. 41Region of the pyloric part of the stomach that connects to the duodenum.Pylorus
  42. 42The last 20cm of the GI tract, from the sigmoid colon to the anus.Rectum
  43. 43A clear, alkaline, somewhat viscous secretion produced mostly by the three pairs of salivary glands; contains various salts, mucin, lysosome, salivary amylase, and lingual lipase.Saliva
  44. 44One of three glands that lie external to the mouth and pour their secretory product into ducts that empty into the oral cavity; the parotid, submandibular and sublingual glands.Salivary Glands
  45. 45Localised mixing contractions in the small intestine. Mixes chyme with digestive juices and brings food into contact with mucosa for absorptionSegmentation
  46. 46Superficial layer of the portions of the GI tract that are suspended in the abdominal cavity.Serosa
  47. 47Highly permeable blood capillariesSinusoids
  48. 48A ring of muscle surrounding an opening or tube.Sphincter
  49. 49The J shaped enlargement of the GI tract directly inferior to the diaphragm in the epigastric, umbilical, and left hypochondriac regions of the abdomen, between the esophagus and small intestine.Stomach
  50. 50A layer of connective tissue located deep to a mucous membrane, as in the GI tract or the urinary bladder. Connects the mucosa to the muscularis layer.Submucosa
  51. 51Accessory structures of digestion, composed of calcified connective tissue and embedded in bony sockets of the mandible and maxilla, that cut, shred, crush, and grind food.Teeth
  52. 52A large skeletal muscle covered by a mucous membrane located on the floor of the oral cavity.Tongue

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Human Bioscience Flashcards on Digestive System, created by Brooke Leckey on 18/05/2022.
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Brooke Leckey
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