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Flashcards

Chapter 7

lbtdance Sociolinguistics 400 English 52 cards

Cards in this deck (52)

  1. 1the idea that gender differences in language reflect different cultures of conversationdifference model
  2. 2the idea that gender differences in language reflect differences in access to power.dominance model
  3. 3when people use features that both they and their audience know are associated with another group, such as the other gender.dragging
  4. 4a social construct (status) associated with a range of characteristics of femininity and masculinity. It may refer to sex, social roles, or identity.gender
  5. 5in some languages, a way of classifying nouns as feminine, masculine, or neutergrammatical gender
  6. 6group settings typically comprised of one gender, such as fraternities, prisons, or religious orders.homosocial
  7. 7what is really being said or desired "between the lines" when something said is indirect.meta-message
  8. 8using language to build and maintain relationships.rapport style
  9. 9using language to communicate factual information.report style
  10. 10language usage that treats words that refer to men, or both men and women, as unmarked, while words that refer to women are marked.sexism
  11. 11the ability of speakers to control what they say or do and make choices, or perform aspects of their identity.speaker agency
  12. 12Adjustment speakers make in their speech to adapt it to features of their interlocutors speech.accommodation
  13. 13Variations in language regarding gender. Men tend to have larger vocal tracts and folds than females.gender variation
  14. 14A line drawn on a map to show the boundary of an area in which a linguistic feature is found.Isogloss
  15. 15In bilingual communities, speakers tend to speak each language in a particular setting depending on who they are talking to.Language choice
  16. 16The process by which the community of speakers of a language reduces significantly, and few children acquire it. Language death is the process whereby a language loses its entire community of speakers.Language endangerment/obsolescence/death
  17. 17Strategies developed to maintain use of an endangered or dying language.Language maintenance/revival
  18. 18The process by which habits of using a language in a bilingual community change over time increasingly favoring one of the languages, disfavoring the others. Language shift can result in language endangerment and death.Language shift
  19. 19Speech varieties or variations in speech that are associated with different contexts of use. e.g. scientific English, legalese, bureaucrateseregister variation
  20. 20A speech register used by a subgroup of speakers of a language to exclude outsiders, and to underline the separate social identity of members.secret varieties
  21. 21A speech register to show respect to an interlocutor or someone being spoken about.respect varieties
  22. 22Varieties of a language or variations in a language that are associated with different social groups, such as ages, geographical regions, social classes, religionssocial varieties
  23. 23A group of people who share a language or language variety and the norms for its use in social contexts.speech community
  24. 24A dialect of a language that is accepted by speakers as the most correct form, is promoted in schools, and is used in public writing and speech.standard dialect
  25. 25A variety or manner of speech associated with certain interpersonal contexts, and usually differing from other styles in degree of formality.style
  26. 26The variety of a language spoken by the high-status people of a society.prestige dialect
  27. 27The prestige variety of British English, so-called because the British Broadcasting Corporation uses it.BBC English
  28. 28An example of One of the phonological characteristics of some varieties of African American English./r/ and /l/ deletion
  29. 29The rule for reducing a consonant cluster to a single consonant. In SAE, this rule applies to clusters in the word final position that are followed by a word beginning in a consonant; in AAE, it occurs when the following word begins with either a vowel or consonant.consonant cluster reduction
  30. 30The coupling verb and is most often forms to the verb "to be".copula
  31. 31The dominant language; a large part of the vocabulary of a pidgin language comes from this language.superstrate language
  32. 32The native language of the subordinate people learning the dominant language; they retain many of the syntactic features of this language.substrate language
  33. 33When a language that had not been anyone's language becomes the native language for a generation of speakers.navitization
  34. 34Styles of speech that are appropriate to the situation, the level of formality, and the person being spoken to.registers
  35. 35A phonological rule that shifts the pronunciation of a diphthong to a monophthong Ex: "like" pronounced as /layk/ in SAE, pronounced as "lak" in some AAEMonophthongization
  36. 36Theory that Holds that language influences people to think certain ways according to linguistic categoriesWeaker Theory
  37. 37Theory of linguistic relativism that holds that language compels people to think according to linguistic categories Our thought is "at the mercy" of our languageLinguistic determinism or the strong theory
  38. 38Proposed that people of different cultures think and behave differently because the languages they speak influence them to do soSapir-Whorf hypothesis
  39. 39A basic tenet of cultural anthropology; it is the idea that a culture is consistent and comprehensible within itselfcultural relativism
  40. 40The role assumed by a cultural anthropologist, or ethnographer, who is living within a group and studying their cultureParticipant observer
  41. 41Short questions like "isn't it?" and "don't you?" that are added to the end of declarative statementsTag question
  42. 42Other taboo words that express affective meaningExpletives
  43. 43Slang words that have cultural rules restricting their use. Some of these are for bodily functions and body partsTaboo words
  44. 44Newly coined words or those that have never been completely accepted in formal speechSlang words
  45. 45Styles of speech that are appropriate to the situation, the level of formality, and the person being spoken to Ex: Where is the pizza? vs. Where's the pizza at? Ex: Are you going to school today? vs. Going to school today?Registers
  46. 46The use of more than one negative word to negate a sentencedouble negation
  47. 47A characteristic of AAE and many other varieties of English. The negative word can appear before the noun, verb, and modifiersmultiple negation
  48. 48In AAE, "it" replaces the existential "there" in SAE Ex: "There's a bow on the dress" becomes "It's a bow on the dress"Existential "it"
  49. 49In AAE preserve the word order of direct questions Direct question: What is the price? Indirect: I want to know what the price is. AAE: I want to know what is the priceIndirect questions
  50. 50Allows verbs to be deleted if they can be contracted in SAE Ex: SAE: He's a great guy. AAE: He a great guyVerb deletion
  51. 51voiced and voiceless "th" in many varieties of AAE are replaced by /d/ and /t/, and in other varieties by /v/ and /f/Interdental fricatives
  52. 52—

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400 Sociolinguistics Flashcards on Chapter 7, created by lbtdance on 01/03/2016.
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