Flashcards
Neurochemistry and Neurophysiology of nerve transmission
Cards in this deck (28)
- 1NeuronsReceive and transmit information to other cells
- 2GliaMany functions, support neurons in their functions
- 3Soma (cell body)Contains nucleus, ribosomes, mitochondria etc.
- 4DendritesBranching fibres
Receive information via synaptic receptors - 5AxonThin fibre of constant diameter
Information sender of the neuron - 6Myelin sheathThe insulating envelope of myelin that surrounds the core of a nerve fiber or axon and that facilitates the transmission of nerve impulses.
- 7Presynaptic terminalPoint from which axon transmits information
- 8Afferent axonBrings information to a structure
- 9Efferent axonCarries information away from a structure
- 10Sensory neuronAfferent to the rest of the nervous system
- 11Motor NeuronEfferent from the nervous system
- 12Within the nervous systemAxons can be either afferent or efferent
- 13Peripheral Nervous system (PNS)Clusters primarily composed of cell bodies - ganglion
Clusters composed of axons
-Nerves - 14Central Nervous system (CNS)Clusters primarily composed of cell bodies - nuclei
Clusters composed of axons - tract - 15Astrocytes (type of glia)Helps synchronize the activity of neurons
Removes waste materials - 16MicrogliaRemoves waste materials and microorganisms
- 17Oligodendrocytes and schwann cellsBuild the myelin sheaths
- 18Radial GliaGuide the migration of neurons and the growth of their axons
- 19Blood brain barrierPrevents viruses, bacteria, harmful chemicals from entering the brain
Depends on the endothelial cells that form the walls of the capillaries - 20What is stopped by the blood brain barrier?Most viruses, bacteria, toxins, large molecules and electrically charged molecules.
- 21What can pass the blood brain barrier?-(Passively) Small uncharged molecules
Water
Fat-soluble molecules
-(Actively) Glucose
Amino Acids
Certain vitamins - 22Summary cells of the nervous systemNeurons - receive information and convey it to other neurons
Glia Cells - serve many supporting functions, do not convey information over larger distances
Blood-brain barrier - does prevent large molecules from entering the brain - 23Nerve impulseElectrical activity generated by the neurons
The conductions of impulses depends on the resting potential and action potential - 24Resting potentialAt rest, neurons are more negative inside than outside
- Voltage difference is called the resting potential - 25Resting potentialMaintained by 4 interacting factors
-homogenizing factors
1) concentration gradients: ions are in random motion; move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration - 26Resting potential2) Electrical gradient: Accumulation of charges repels like charges and attracts unlike charges
3) Membrane permeability at rest: protein ions do not pass
4) Sodium potassium pump: requires energy - 27Action potentialThe response of a neuron to stimulation above a certain threshold.
Resting potential (RP) prepares the neuron to respond quickly to a stimulus with an AP. - 28Action potentialStimulation that results in a depolarization beyond the threshold of excitation results in a sudden, massive depolarization.
After which, the potential returns to slightly below the RP and then back to the RP value.
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- Flashcards on Neurochemistry and Neurophysiology of nerve transmission, created by up723339 on 30/03/2016.
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