GoConqr has a new look! Let us know what you think.

Sign up free

Flashcards

Untitled

georgiezx Sociology AS - Level English 34 cards

Cards in this deck (34)

  1. 1Oakley - gender- 4 processes of making gender identity
    -manipulation: how parents en/discourage children on their behaviour for appropriate sex
    - canalization -parents channel their interests into toys and activities for their sex (she also says that gender role socialisation in the family is important
  2. 2Oakley - gender 2- domestic activities - girls help mothers with housework, how they should be in later life
    verbal appellations - stereotypical terms e.g. pretty for a girl and handsome for a boy reinforcing cultural expectations of genders
  3. 3Jackson - sexuality identity (LADETTE)-distinctions between masculinities and femininities among young school students is blurred. Girls take on 'laddish' behaviour and reject academic success, messing around in class etc. 'Ladette' - binge drinking, smoking, cheating, boistrous etc like the boys.
  4. 4Mac an Ghaill - sexuality identity (TEACHERS)Teachers sometimes colluded with male peer groups who held views that were anti-gay and hostile towards women. Also argued that young males were in a 'crisis of masculinity' due to traditional jobs
  5. 5Mac an Ghaill - ethnic identity (TEACHERS)some teachers held racist attitudes. Pupils develop survival strategies to resist negative racist labelling. Form close friendships and subcultures (ethnic minorities)
  6. 6Parsons - social class inequality (VALUES)-society works best when there is value consensus and social stratification reflects this
    - some people deserve to be more rewarded than others based on achievement
    - we need entrepreneurs and executives
  7. 7Parsons and Bales - gender roles- Men = instrumental, practical role of breadwinner
    - women = expressive role - housewife, caring role
    - allow society to run smoothly, explain why genders have different careers
    -young people go through rites of passage
  8. 8Connell - gender identities (MASCULINE)- Range of masculine identities, but hegemonic is most common and is reinforced strongly (macho, dominant, aggressive etc)
    -other forms are subordinate masculinity and marginalised, present but not accepted
  9. 9McRobbie - youth subcultures - gender (RESISTANCE -GIRLS)- some aspect of today's female subculture behaviour is more rage against resistance to current expectations placed on girls. Not dishonouring family or education, its about resistance.
  10. 10McRobbie - gender (CRITIQUE)Girls are reclaiming their sexuality and creating own subculture. Can now critique and laugh at magazines instead of passively accepting the content. Can challenge sexist views of women and assert own identity
  11. 11McRobbie - youth subcultures - gender (GIRLS)- Generally absent from subcultures (girls). and when they do appear, usually passive girlfriends. Argued that they were absent because girls were less interesting. He argued that girls frequented different spaces to boys - different friendship groups based on more private activities e.g. bedroom culture
  12. 12McRobbie - youth subcultures - (BEDROOM CULTURE)- where girls get together and experiment with makeup, girl talk and clothes. Could be seen as a form of resistance against anxieties about teenage sexual interaction leading them to form friendship groups that protected from scrutiny of boys and parents.
  13. 13Gauntlett - gender identities (MEDIA)- Magazines give advice about how to be attractive to people in relation to gender
    - TV, music, magazines etc.
    -E.g. thin blond girl and sporty, males seen as masculine, muscly and 'hard'
  14. 14Butler - ethnic identity - (ASIAN WOMEN)- young Asian women in Coventry and Bradford keen to move beyond expected role and pursue further and higher education and careers. Religion very important to them but they were challenging their culture in terms of gender identities
  15. 15Butler - ethnic identity - (HYBRID IDENTITY)- Retained respect for Islam, but adopted some western ideas about education and careers. Ethnic identity can be product of negotiation rather than simple acceptance of norms and values
  16. 16Sharpe - Gender (SCHOOL AND SCIENCE)- Studies in education in 70's suggested teacher and schools saw female education (esp science) as less important than male education
    - Sharpe's survey of W/c girls found that female identity is thus based around love, marriage, husbands, children, jobs and careers in that order.
  17. 17McIntosh - Sexuality identity - (HOMOSEXUAL MALE)- Role of homosexual male seen as effeminate, higher voice, attention to appearance
    - once he has accepted the label of homosexual he will fulfill these expectations so the label creates behaviour
  18. 18Weeks - Sexuality identity (STRANGE)- 'sexual identification is a strange thing', more complex than other identities.
    - There are people who identify as gay and participate in gay community but don't do same-sex sexual activity, and there are some who do have same sex sexual encounters who don't identify themselves as gay
  19. 19Bourdieu - Social class - (CAPITAL)- Class determined by three types of capital - social, cultural and economical
    -Ruling class have power to shape which are valued and means they retain status and power
  20. 20Mackintosh and Mooney - Social class - (INVISIBILITY)- Key feature of upper class is invisibility. Operate social closure meaning their education, leisure time and daily routines are separate and invisible from middle and lower classes.
    - inter marry, to keep wealth and status in their class
  21. 21Fox - Social class - (MIDDLE CLASSES)- 3 types of middle class, middle-middle, lower-middle and upper-middle. Highlights differences in middle class is growing substantially. Becoming a more diverse group of people and biggest in modern society.
  22. 22What's the difference between sex and gender?sex - biological differences between males and females
    gender - cultural expectations which go with how males and females are supposed to behave - gender roles
  23. 23Name 4 male identities shown in the media.New lad - reaction against the 'new man' associated with 'yob culture' of agressive, promiscuous, sex, lager, football and loutishness
    New Bloke - New lad who has become a recent rather but who as well as being found in the pub is also found changing nappies
  24. 24Name 4 male identities shown in the media.2Metrosexuals - heterosexual man who embrace feminine side (e.g. wear moisturiser, cosmetic products - refined taste in clothes) etc, elements of gay lifestyle
    New dad - a new man who discovers joys of fatherhood
  25. 25How is the upper class defined, and give one study.- wealth and not occupation as middle and working classes are
    - split between traditional and super rich
    - Mackintosh and Mooney - invisibility
  26. 26How is the middle class described, give one study.- Fact they do non-manual work and value education, especially high education - key to middle class to stay in middle/upper middle, cultural capital is most important
    -FOX - 3 types of middle class
  27. 27How are the working class described and give a study- Skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled manual work , rent council houses, strong sense of pride in their class, see society as 'us' and 'them'
    Bourdieu - w/c have none of the power to determine the means to status and power
  28. 28Is class changing?-Postmodernists e.g. beck - class no longer relevant, more defined by consumption of goods, age, gender and ethnicity
    - Savage says this is exaggerated. People still see social class as relevant and significant part of identity.
  29. 29Ethnic identity - Multiculturalism in contemporary UK- 2011 census found 80% of population was white (inc. Ireland, eastern Europe, France and USA and Australia)
    - 20% termed ethnic minority - Bangledeshi, Pakistani, Indians, Caribbean
  30. 30Rhodes - Ethnic Identity (BURNLEY VOTERS)- white voters in Burnley felt 'culture-less' in comparison with ethnic minorities they felt they were criticised and dismissed as racist if they tried to celebrate/display their white identity or culture
  31. 31Johal - ethnic/hybrid identity - (BRASIAN)- Brasian identity - Asian identity assumed at home but also adopt a white mask in public spaces to connect with white peers
  32. 32Modood - ethnic identity - (HYBRID IDENTITY AND TRADITION)- Some young Asians adopt hybrid identity but subscribe to a traditional Asian identity. Tradition is still main shaper of ethnic identity, especially in Muslim communities
  33. 33What encourages hybridity?- Globalisation. Cultural products - slumdog millionaire brought ethnic groups into media. Global dominance of black music genres let to white youths adopting more hybrid identities
  34. 34Postman - age identity (CHILD)- childhood emerged with the spread of literacy enabling adults to shield children from aspects of adult life - innocent child created. Spread of media (internet) means children can access material only meant for adults, shrinking childhood and they become mini-adults.

Information

Description
AS - Level Sociology Flashcards on Untitled, created by georgiezx on 25/04/2016.
Created by
georgiezx
Views
0
Rating

More on Theories of Identity

Feedback

What is it about?

What do you think of the new look?

How do you like it?