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Flashcards

Digestive System

Sophia Pi Anatomy Undergraduate English 54 cards

Cards in this deck (54)

  1. 1what are the three layers of the mucosa of the GI tract?mucous epithelium, lamina propria, musclaris mucosae
  2. 2what are the three parts of the small intestine?duodenum, jejunum, Ileum
  3. 3The mucosa of the esophagus contains which type of epithelium?stratified squamous epithelium (resists abrasion)
  4. 4What are the three main salivary glands in the mouth?parotid glands, submandibular glands and sublingual glands
  5. 5Which is the largest salivary gland?parotid glands
  6. 6Which salivary gland produces both serous and mucus-producing saliva?Submandibular glands
  7. 7Which salivary gland only secretes watery, serous type saliva?Parotid glands
  8. 8How long is the esophagus?25 cm
  9. 9Where is the esophagus located?posterior to trachea and heart
  10. 10What is the purpose of the upper esophageal sphincter?prevent air from entering the esophagus during respiration
  11. 11Where is the stomach located?lies in the upper part of the abdominal cavity under the liver and diaphragm, with five sixths of its mass to the left of the median line
  12. 12What are the three majors divisions of the stomach?fundus, body and pylorus
  13. 13What does the pyloric sphincter do?controls the opening from the pyloric portion of the stomach into the first part of the small intestine
  14. 14Where are gastric glands (coiled tubular-type glands) found in the stomach?found below the level of the gastric pits (in innermost layer), particularly in the fundus and body of the stomach
  15. 15What do gastric glands secrete?gastric juice, a mucous fluid containing digestive enzymes and hydrochloric acid (HCI)
  16. 16What are the three main secretory cells of the gastric glands?chief cells, parietal cells, and endocrine cells
  17. 17What allows the stomach wall to contract strongly at many angles?The crisscrossing pattern of smooth muscle fibers - the usual layer of longitudinal muscles, circular muscles and underlying oblique layer
  18. 18What two hormones does the stomach produce?gastrin (helps regulate digestive functions) & ghrelin (increases appetite)
  19. 19What is the width and length of the small intestine?width: 2.5 cm (1 inch)
    length: 6 m (20 ft)
  20. 20How long is the duodenum?25 cm (10 inches)
  21. 21How long is the ileum?3.5 m (12 feet) long
  22. 22A villus in the small intestine consists of which three parts?arteriole, venule and lymph vessel
  23. 23What type cells consist the mucous epithelium layer (of the mucosa layer)?enterocytes, goblet cells and paneth cells
  24. 24What are enterocytes?simple columnar epithelium cells with microvilli on apical surface
  25. 25What tissue is the lamina propria consisted of?thin loose connective tissue (DFCT)
  26. 26What is the function of the muscularis mucosae?to aid propelling nutrients in a uniform direction
  27. 27What does the submucosa layer of the GI tract contain?small glands, blood vessels and parasympathetic nerves
  28. 28How are epithelial cells of the GI tract replaced?new cells arise from cell division as they migrate to the top of the villi and differentiate, replacing old cells that die
  29. 29How many epithelial cells are replaced everyday?17 billion cells
  30. 30What are enteroendocrine cells?cells at the base of the villi that secretes hormones
  31. 31What is a lacteal?the lymphatic vessels in the middle of small intestine villi which absorb digested fats
  32. 32venous drainage from the small & large intestine and pancreas pass through which structure?hepatic portal vein
  33. 33Which enzyme digests polysaccharides?amylase
  34. 34Which food components are not dissolved by the stomach's acid?polysaccharides and fat
  35. 35what are some components of chyme?molecular fragments of proteins, polysaccharides, droplets of fat, water and salt
  36. 36What are the esophagus' exocrine secretions?mucus
  37. 37What does the stomach secrete?pepsin, mucus and HCI
  38. 38What does the pancreas secrete?bicarbonate and enzymes that digest carbohydrates, fats, proteins and nucleic acids
  39. 39What does the liver secrete?bile salts, bicarbonate, organic waste products and trace metals
  40. 40What does the large intestine secrete?mucus
  41. 41What does bile contain?HCO3, cholesterol, phospholipids, bile pigment and ORGANIC SALTS
  42. 42How are monosaccharides and amino acids absorbed in the small intestine?membrane transport protein (transporter-mediated processes) in the plasma membrane of the intestial epithelial cells
  43. 43How are fatty acids absorbed in the small intestine?diffusion
  44. 44What inactivates the amylase?the gastric acid in stomach
  45. 45How much starch does pancreatic amylase digest?around 95 percent
  46. 46What are examples of polysaccharides?starch, cellulose and glycogen
  47. 47What are examples of disaccharides?sucrose, lactose and maltose
  48. 48what are examples of monosaccharides?glucose, fructose and galactose
  49. 49Where is triglyceride absorbed?in the small intestine
  50. 50What are small components in food that can cross the epithelium intact?minerals and vitamins
  51. 51In the GI tract, what controls the plasma concentration and distribution of the absorbed nutrients?hormones secreted by exocrine glands
  52. 52The serosa consists of which type of tissue?thin layer of connective tissue
  53. 53What do dead intestinal epithelium do to contribute with the digestive process?release their intracellular enzymes in the lumen
  54. 54—

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Undergraduate Anatomy Flashcards on Digestive System, created by Sophia Pi on 01/09/2016.
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Sophia Pi
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