Europe

Europe

1. European Union

   • 1st- European Coal and Steel Community
     • 1951
   • European Economic Communities
     • 1957
   • Maarstricht Treaty on European Union
     • 1993
   • Treaty of Lisbon
     • 2007
     • in effect 12/1/2009
   • European Commission
     • Executive branch
   • Council of the EU
     • main decision making body
   • European Parliament
     • elected legislature
   • Court of Justice
     • judicial branch

2. Colonization

   • Catholocism spreading
   • merchants looking for wealth
     • resource exploitation
       • led to more sustainable methods later
         • plantations
           • cash crops
           • African slave trade
         • ranches
         • mineral mining
       • Dutch and English
         • fished
         • trapped game
         • logged
     • property plunder
   • Mercantilism
     • created dependent relationships
       • colony weaker than mother country
   • Neocolonialism
   • rush for Africa
     • 1871-1912

3. Monarchies

   • 43 in the world
   • King
   • Queen
   • Sultan
   • Emir
   • 16 under British rule
   • some still absolute
     • Qatar
     • Swaziland
   • Head of State
   • mostly constitutional
   • Philanthropy

4. People

   • 725 million
   • 70+ years- life expectancy
   • Birth rate- down

5. Physical Features

   • Mountains
     • Ural- border with Asia
     • Alps- most prominent range
     • Pyrenees- France and Spain border
     • Apennines- Spine of Italy
   • Peninsulas
     • Scandinavian
       • Norway
       • Sweden
     • Iberian
       • Portugal
       • Spain
     • Balkan- Southeast
   • Islands
     • Iceland
       • F-roads
         • Unpaved
         • Closed in Spring
       • Capital- Reykjavik
       • Basalt columns
         • hexagonic
         • Inspired a church's design
       • Geysers
         • named after ones in Iceland
       • 5-gait horses
       • snorkeling
         • crevice
           • no fish
           • some algae
           • 32 degrees
           • Earth moving here
     • Balearic Islands
       • off the coast of Spain
       • in the Mediterranean Sea
     • Italian Islands
       • Corsica
       • Sicily
       • Sardinia

6. Climate

   • Subarctic
     • very cold
   • Mediterranean
     • high contrast seasons
   • Inland
     • humid
     • cold winters, hot summers
   • West Coast
     • North Atlantic Drift- Warm ocean current
     • moderate temperatures and rainfall

7. Vegetation

   • Trees
     • Oak
     • Beech
     • Elder
   • Mediterranean climate
     • Pine
     • Olive trees
     • Shrubs

8. Natural Resources

   • fossil fuels
   • iron ore
   • Balkan countries
     • copper
     • bauxite
   • Sweden, Switzerland, Romania
     • timber

9. Agriculture

   • sugar beets
   • GMO
     • GMO-free zones in some countries
     • Many people reject them
     • Some companies approved for GM corn
   • all the normal things
   • grapes for wine

10. the Enlightenment and Industrial Revolution

    • philosophy
    • Ideas people could read
    • caused by food surplus
      • gulf stream
        • warm ocean currents
      • cold enough to kill germs

11. San Marino

    • Mt. Titano
    • City-State
      • didn't choose to unify with rest of Italy
    • Statutes
      • parts of a document

12. Right/Left Side Driving

    • British- tradition
      • easier to get out sword
    • 35% world population- left
      • mostly British colonies
    • Napoleon- left-handed
      • spreaded right side driving

13. Immigration and Conflict

    • European Economic Miracle
      • 1945-1973
    • guest workers
      • Great Britain
        • worked in poor, industrial sectors
          • Ex:London's East End
      • France
        • mostly Algerians
          • segregated
            • livid outside major metropolitan areas
      • Germany
        • mostly men
        • mostly Turkish
        • not granted citizenship if born here
          • led to discrimination