1008PSY Week 7 Mindmap

1008PSY Week 7 Mindmap

1. Assertion

   • Exists on continuum: Submission -> Assertion -> Aggression
   • Passive-aggressive
     • Indirect expression of aggression
     • Tempory compliance,but behavioural delay
     • Intentional inefficiency - compliance but in a sub-standard measure
     • Allowing a problem to escalate - using inaction to allow a foreseeable problem to emerge
     • Hidden but conscious revenge - sabotage
     • Self-depreciation - self-sabotage to hurt another
     • Initially win/lose but eventually lose/lose
     • Behaviours:
       • Chronic lateness/forgetting, sulking/withdrawing, making excuses, mixed messages, blame – always someone/thing else’s fault, peace keeping, non confrontational, avoid hurting others, other more important, powerless, low self esteem - don’t matter Can’t say no
   • Aggressive Behaviour
     • You-messages ‘Allness’/extreme messages Inequality (passive, polite, subservient, insulting, condescending) Intense eye contact or eye avoidance Unexpressive or overly expressive Overly soft or loud & accusatory Aggressive NO

2. Assertive Behaviour

   • I-message Specific & concrete message Equality Relaxed & erect posture Focused eye contact Expressive, genuine expression Normal volume & rhythm Congruency Ability to say no
   • Assertive "I" messages
     • 4 part: Feeling + behaviour + effects + alternative acceptable behaviour
     • No blame or interpretation of other person, do not blame other person for feelings, do not apologise for being appropriately assertive
     • 2 sets of needs, request not demand, realistic, no loaded words, don't use 'but' use 'and'
     • Verbal and NV congruent, more powerful and credible
     • Self-defeating beliefs, Skills deficit, Anxiety & stress, Situation evaluation – don't know which skills to apply, Cultural & generational influences Fear
     • 6 steps: 1. Preparation 2. Send message 3. Be silent & listen 4. Reflectively listen to defensive response 5. Recycle process 6. Focus on solution

3. Gender differences:

   • Female – more participative, democratic, collaborative, less hierarchical Male – more autocratic, directive
   • Effectiveness Small tendency for women to be devalued as leaders compared to men
   • Strong tendency to selectively devalue female leaders when: Men are doing the evaluating, In male-dominated organisations, When women are displaying more traditionally masculine leadership behaviours