Egypt

Egypt

1. River valley Civilization

2. One of the oldest civilizations on earth.

3. It was located along the Nile River in northeast Africa.

4. Egyptian Legacies

   • Religion
     • Horus: The protector of the ruler f Egypt
     • Thoth: The god of the moon, magic and writing.
     • Anubis: The god of mummification and afterlife.
     • Isis: The goddess of healing
     • Ra: The god of the sun
     • Osiris: The goddess of dead and ruler of the underworld.
   • Agriculture
     • • Summer flooding
       • • Autumn planting
         • • Spring harvesting
           • • Winter watering
             • • Big scale agriculture
   • Social classes
     • Pharaoh: Depositary of divine rights, all powers were attributed to him through Horus.
     • Priests and nobles; the priests administered the temples, the nobles administered the country in the name of Pharaoh.
     • Officials and scribes; nobles were supported in their tasks by officials and scribes
     • Merchants and artisans; they sold a large number of products
     • Farmers; the peasants were the largest group, living in small adobe houses on the banks of the Nile River.
     • Slaves; They were usually foreigners, prisoners of war, or people given as tribute by other countries.
   • Medicine
     • • Mummification
       • • Develop medicine to avoid sicknesses.
         • • Knowledge about the plants.
   • Writing
     • Hieroglyphics
       • • Used 3300 B.C.
         • • Write public and complex documents.
           • • Represent objects.
     • Cyperus Papyrus
       • • It grows in marshy areas around the Nile river
         • • It was used to make the writing material.
           • • Is a strong, durable paper-like material
     • Rosetta Stone
       • • Three scripts (hieroglyphic, demotic and Greek).
         • • It was carved in 196 B.C
           • • it was discovered in a town called Rosetta
             • • Demotic was the common script of Egypt.
   • Building
     • • A mastaba is a type of Egyptian tomb in the form of a flat-roofed and rectangular structure.
       • • The Step Pyramid is an archeological remain in the Saqqara necropolis, Egypt.
         • • Hypogeum refers to an underground temple or tomb.
           • • Pyramid a monumental structure with a square or triangular base.

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