UNIT 5

UNIT 5

1. SECOND CONDITIONAL

   • Form the second conditional in the following way:
     • if-clause+main clause If-past simple + would/could/might, etc.
       • If she knew the answer, she could help you. If they gave a discount, would you buy it?
   • We use the second conditional to talk about an unreal situation in the present or future. As with the first conditional, we can put the main clause first.
     • Example: I'd help you if I had time.

2. WERE AND WAS

   • Both are possible in the second conditional, with no change in meaning.
     • Eg: If I was a politician, I'd make some big changes. If I were a politician, I'd make some big changes.
   • When we give advice, we often use were.
     • Eg: If I were you, I'd take the job.

3. COMPARISON

   • Form the comparative of one-syllable adjectives by adding -er, and the superlative of one-syllable adjectives by adding -est.
     • great-greater-greatest big-bigger-biggest
   • With two-syllable adjectives ending in -ow and -er, add -er or -est. With adjectives ending in -y, remove -y and add -ier or -iest.
     • narrow-narrower - narrowest clever - cleverer - cleverest happy-happier-happiest
   • Form the comparative of other two-syllable adjectives and longer adjectives by adding more before the adjective, and the superlative by adding most before the adjective.
     • hopeful - more hopeful - most hopeful interesting - more interesting - most interesting
   • L>ESS AND LEAST
     • Use less or least before any adjective. The number syllables is not important.
       • It's less expensive, It's the least expensive.
   • IRREGULAR ADJECTIVES
     • The adjectives good and bad are irregular and do not follow the rules above. good-better-best bad- worse-worst
   • MODIFIERS
     • Modifiers help us to comment on the size of the difference in the comparison. To talk about a large difference, use a lot or much. To talk about a small difference, use a little or not much.
       • China is a lot more populated than Norway. Italy isn't much bigger than England.
   • AS... AS
     • Use as + adjective + as to say there is no difference. The twins are as tall as each other. Use not as + adjective + as to make the adjective weaker.
       • I'm not as sure as you that this is a good idea. The film wasn't as good as I expected it would be.

4. THE LANGUAGE OF PRESENTATIONS

   • BEGINNING A PRESENTATION I'd like to introduce my colleagues... STATING THE MAIN PURPOSE OF THE PRESENTATION Our purpose today is to ... GIVING THE PLAN/STRUCTURE My presentation is divided into three/four parts. If you have any questions, we'd be pleased to answer them at the end of the presentation. TALKING ABOUT A NEW POINT Moving on now,... This brings me to my next point. REFERRING TO A VISUAL AID Please look at the screen. ENDING A PRESENTATION Now, let me summarise our main points. Thank you very much for your attention. Are there any questions?

5. ADJECTIVES, ADVERTISING

   • attention-grabbing, catchy, commercial (n), dull, effective, endorse, exotic, eye-catching, humorous, intriguing, irritating, jingle, logo, misleading, original, persuasive, powerful, promote, recognisable, romantic, shocking, slogan, sophisticated, sponsorship, witty

6. WORDS WITH A SIMILAR MEANING

   • alter-change enhance - improve distort change something's shape/sound exaggerate- make something seem better/larger/ worse manipulate - skilfully control/move

7. WORD COMBINATIONS

   • advertising manager, animated cartoons, attractive target, breakfast cereals, cartoon characters, fast food, food products, interactive websites, junk food, media analysis, persuasive message, school holidays, television advertisement, TV commercials, vast sums

8. vocabulary