Clostridia

Clostridia

1. Morphology

   • Gram positive
   • Spore forming
   • Rods

2. Types

   • Clostridium deficile
     • Antibiotic associated pseudomembranous collitis
       • Ampicillin
       • Amoxycillin
     • Treatment
       • Vancomyosin
       • Faecal transplant
     • Prevention
       • Quarantine
       • S.I.G.H.T
     • CDT toxin
       • CdtB
         • Binds host cell
       • CdtA
         • ADP-ribosylates G-actin
           • prevent polymerisation
     • Tcd toxin
       • TcdA
         • Binds gp96
           • apical side
           • Disrupts tight junctions
             • Inflammatory response
               • Neutrophils attracted
       • TcdB
         • Binds basolateral membrane
           • Endosome acidification
             • N terminal
               • Rho GTPase glucosylation
                 • Actin dysregulation
                   • Epithelial barrier function
                   • Migration
                   • Phagocytosis
                   • Cytokine production
                   • Wound repair
       • TcdR
         • +ve TF regulator
       • TcdC
         • -ve TFregulator
   • Clostridium Botulinum
     • Symptoms
       • Neurological disease
       • Flacid paralysis
     • MOST POTENT!
     • Treatment
       • Artificial respiration
       • Polyvalent antitoxin (prophylaxis)
     • 7 types
     • Neurotoxins
       • Functional domains
         • Heavy chain
           • Hc
             • Binds neurones
               • Binds synaptotagmin
               • Sialyllactose
                 • Translocation in
           • Hn
             • Membrane translocation
         • Light chain
           • SNARE proteolysis
             • BoNT
               • Blocks Ach release
                 • Therapeutic use
                   • uncross eyes
                 • Cosmetic use
             • TeNT
               • Blocks inhibitory NT release
                 • Glycine
   • Clostridium Tetani
     • 2ND WORST!
     • 10 different types
     • Symptoms
       • Muscle spasm
       • Lock jaw
       • Back arching
     • Treatment
       • Anticonvulsants
       • Dark room
       • Penicillin
       • Tetanis antitoxin
     • Prevention
       • Td/IPV vaccine
     • Tetanospasmin