11984522
Description
Flashcards by Eleanor Rose, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Eleanor Rose
over 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What are pathogens? | Pathogens are microorganisms that enter the body and cause disease. |
| What are communicable diseases? | Diseases that can easily spread. |
| Pathogens cause communicable diseases. True or False? | True. |
| _____ and _____ can both be infected by pathogens. | Plants and animals. |
| Describe bacteria. | Bacteria are very small cells, which can reproduce rapidly inside your body. |
| How do bacteria make you feel ill? | They produce toxins (poisons) that damage your cells and tissues. |
| Viruses are the same as cells. True or false? | False. |
| Viruses can ______ rapidly. | Reproduce. |
| What do viruses do? | They live inside your cells and replicate themselves using the cells machinery to produce many copies of themselves. The cell will usually then burst, releasing all the new viruses. |
| How do viruses make you feel ill? | The cell damage they cause is what makes you feel ill. |
| Protists are ________. | Eukaryotes. |
| Some protists are parasites. Describe a parasite. | Parasites live on or inside other organisms and can cause them damage. They are often transferred to the organism by a vector, which doesn't get the disease itself. |
| Describe the two different types of fungi. | Some fungi are single-celled. Others have a body which is made up of hyphae (thread-like structure). |
| What does hyphae do? | Hyphae can grow and penetrate human skin and the surface of plants, causing diseases. The hyphae can produce spores, which can be spread to other plants and animals. |
| Say three ways in which pathogens can spread. | 1) WATER- Some pathogens can be picked up by drinking/bathing in dirty water. E.g. CHOLERA. 2) AIR- Pathogens can be carried in the air and breathed in. E.g. INFLUENZA. 3) DIRECT CONTACT- Some pathogens can be picked up by touching contaminated surfaces, including the skin. E.g. ATHLETES FOOT. |
| Name different types of diseases. | 1) VIRUSES 2) FUNGI 3)PROTISTS 4)BACTERIA |
| CASE STUDY Viral diseases HIV | Spread- sexual contact Causes- flu-like symptoms Treatment-antiretroviral drugs. Stops the virus replicating in the body. What does it do- attacks immune cells. |
| CASE STUDY Fungal diseases Rose black spot | Spread- through the environment in water or by the wind. Causes- purple or black spots on the leaves of rose plants. Treatment- stripping the plant of affected leaves or using fungicide. What does it do- Means that less photosynthesis takes place, so the plant doesn't grow very well. |
| CASE STUDY Malaria Protist | Spread- Mosquitoes. Causes- Repeating episodes of fever. Prevented- Using insecticides and mosquito nets. |
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