Biology

Biology

1. Plants

   • Respiration
     • Gas exchange
       • Stomata
         • Guard cells
           • More on the bottom of the leaf than on the top
             • Helps stop evaporation of water
   • Photosynthesis
     • 6CO2+6H20-->C6H12O6+6O2
       • Glucose is created with oxygen as a bi-product
   • Tropism
     • Geotropism
       • Positive geotropism
         • Positive geotropism is when a plant moves towards gravity in search of soil 
       • Negative geotropism
         • Negative geotropism is when a plant shoot grows away from gravity in search of the surface and light.
     • Phototropism
       • Positive phototropism
         • Positive phototropism is when a plant senses light, releases the growth hormone auxin (down the opposite side that the light is shining on) to make one side of the plant grow faster, and as a result, move towards the light.  
       • Negative phototropism
         • Negative phototropism is when a plant's roots grow away from light in hope of reaching soil. 
     • Hydrotropism
       • Positive hydrotropism
         • Hydrotropism is when the plant's roots sense water and move towards it.
       • Negative Hydrotropism
         • Negative hydrotropism is when a plant moves away from water to avoid being drowned

2. Diffusion

   • Diffusion is the net movement of gasses and liquids from and area with a higher concentration of themselves, to an area with a lower concentration of themselves. This is also done through semi-permeable membranes. 
   • Osmosis
     • Osmosis is the net movement of water from an area with a higher concentration of itself, to an area of lower concentration of itself through a semi-permeable membrane
   • Gas exchange
     • Gas exchange is the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide through a semi permeable membrane. This happens in the lungs in larger animals.

3. The kidneys

   • Nephrons
     • Collecting duct
     • First coiled tubule
     • Second coiled tubule
     • Loop of Henle
     • Bowman's capsule
       • The bowman's capsule is a hollow capsule that encircles the glomerulus to provide it with a large surface area for ultrafiltration
     • Glomerulus
   • Medulla in pyramid formations
   • Renal artery
   • Renal vein
   • Ultrafiltration
     • Ultrafiltration happens in the nephrons when certain substances, including glucose, water and small ions are pushed through a semi-permeable membrane under high pressure. 
   • ADH
     • Anti diuretic hormone
     • Pituitary gland
       • ADH is produced in the pituitary gland
     • Hypothalamus
       • The hypothalamus senses if the blood is highly concentrated or if the blood is not very concentrated.