Separating Mixtures

Separating Mixtures

1. Evaporation and Distillation

   • Evaporation is turning a liquid into a gas.
   • Distillation is evaporation followed by condensation.
   • Condensation is turning a gas into a liquid.

2. Chromatography

   • Chromatogram is the resulting evidence on paper.
   • Chromatogram is when one substance can move more than another liquid. This results in separation between them.
   • Chromatography is a way to separate soluble substances.

3. Fractional Distillation

   • Fractional is a type of distillation used to separate crude oil.
   • Boiling point is the temperature at which a substance turns from a liquid into a gas.
   • Fraction are molecules with similar boiling points.
   • Heavy substances have high boiling points. Light substances have low boiling points.
   • Hydrocarbons are long chain molecules found in crude oil.

4. Elements

   • A pure substance is a substance consisting of only one kind or particle.
   • An impure substance is a substance where another kind of particle has contaminated the main substance.
   • An atom is the smallest unit of matter.
   • An element is a substance made up of one kind of atom.
   • A molecule is two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.
   • A compound is two or more elements chemically joined.
   • A mixture is two or more substances not chemically combined

5. Dissolving

   • Insoluble is something that can't dissolve in a liquid.
   • Soluble is a solid that dissolves.
   • Dissolve is the breaking up of a solid when it is added to a liquid.
   • Solvent is a liquid that lets solids dissolve in it.
   • Solution is a liquid with a solid dissolved in it
   • Solute is something that dissolves in a liquid.

6. Filtration

   • Filtration is separating an insoluble substance from a liquid.
   • Residue is the solid that is left behind in the filter.
   • Filtrate is the liquid that has passed through the filter.

7. Crystallisation

   • Crystallisation separates solids that have dissolved (solutes) in a liquid (solvents).
   • This is done by carefully heating the solution so that the liquid evaporates.
     • This leaves crystals of the solid left behind, the crystals can then be washed with cold water to remove impurities and then dried in an oven.