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Ammar Albaqshi Information Technology English

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1-intro to usability
- what is UCD
  - is a methodology
- what is usability
  - is a result, a goal, a field (UE, UX) or an outcome of UCD process
- why to use UCD?
  - is a methodology used by developers and designers to ensure they’re creating products that meet users’ needs.
  - Streamlines the testing phase of development
  - first impressions
  - Reduces the probability of redesign later on
  - Saves you time and mone
- Norman Doors
  - Norman doors don’t signify the right affordance . When users perceive the doors, they often develop a mismatched mental model of how the door works
- Where does the UCD process fit into the development cycle?
2- idintify users
- user?
  - Anybody that will be gaining value from your product, by completing a task within your product
- How do we categorize users?
  - type of business? Value of business? By tasks or by tributes
- What are attributes
  - a charecter
  - How many types are there?
    - Personal attributes
    - skills
    - domain experience
- Where can we find users?
  - Questionnaires
  - nterviews
  - Observations
  - Competitive evaluation
- Why is it important for us to identify the right users?
  - what UCD is about
  - users involved from the start
  - make design decisions based on their input
3- Nielsen Heuristics and Principles
- What is heuristic?
  - usability princaples
  - More abstract
- heuristic evaluation?
  - a usability engineering method for finding the usability problems in a user interface design so that they can be attended to as part of an iterative design process
- What are the 10 nielsen's heuristics
  - Visibility of system status
    - informed of what is happening behind the scenes
  - Match between system and the real world
    - •The system should speak users’ language and conventions.
  - User control and freedom
    - Allow users to exit state without extended dialogue
  - Consistency and standards
    - •Exit’ and ‘Log out’ or even ‘Leave’ using the same words that mean the same thing  using common things
  - Error prevention
    - common mistakes from users and prevent them using schema or procedures
  - Recognition rather than recall
    - users understand the functions Instructions to use your system should be easily visible and followed
  - Flexibility and efficiency of use
    - Allow expert users to use shortcuts
  - Aesthetic and minimalist design
    - •Every bit of information in dialogues should be vital. Every word, in fact.
  - Help users recognize, diagnose and recover from errors
    - •Error messages should be:
  - Help and documentation
    - •Any help function implemented should be easily identifiable, accessed and searched.
- What are design principles?
  - More specific (derived from heuristics)
  - guidelines
- How do we apply design principles when building mock ups?
  - Principle of proximity
    - the grouping principle
  - Visibility and visual feedback
    - Prominence
      - bring items that are important to the fore.
    - Opacity
      - to bring items into focus.
    - Typeface
      - •Guide attention
    - Colour/contrast
    - colour
      - Higher contrast or brighter colours will draw more attention
  - Affordance
    - •Design in clues so users can see how to use something.
  - Status
  - Consistency
  - Hick’s law
    - –A mathematical formula describing how long it will take users to choose the item from a set of items.
  - Fitts’ law
    - –A mathematical formula that models how accurate users will be when moving the cursor between objects (e.g. buttons) on screen.
4-Getting User Feedback
- Why do we need to get feedback from users?
- types of user research methods?
  - focus grou
  - survey
  - video ethnography
  - observational techniques
- What are the advantages and disadvantages of each method?
- When would you use each method?
- What is fidelity in UCD?
- What are the advantages and disadvantages of each fidelity?
5- persona
- What is a heuristic evaluation?
  - is a usability engineering method for finding the usability problems in a user interface design so that they can be attended to as part of an iterative design process
- What are the weaknesses of a heuristic evaluation?
- What is a formal user test?
- What are the key elements of a user test?
- What are the benefits and the costs of running a formal test?
- What is remote testing?
6-design framework and prototype
- What is a persona?
- What qualifies as a persona?
- How do we write a good persona?
- What are uses for a persona?
6-design framgwork and prototype
- What are context scenarios?
- When would you write one?
- What are the important elements in a context scenario?
- What are key path scenarios?
- How would one use a key path?
7-usability testing
- What are design patterns?
- What are the design pattern types?
- What are examples of each type?
- What is the difference between design patterns and design principles?
8-mobile UX design
- Why is designing for the mobile different from desktop?
- What are the limitations of the mobile platform?
  - Limited pixel real estate
  - Variable screen widths
  - Touch screens
  - Text insertion difficulty
  - Physical environments
  - Usage behaviour
- What are mobile specific patterns that works?
  - one-window drilldown
  - hub and spoke
  - Vertical Stack
  - Filmstrip
  - Touch Tools
  - Bottom Navigation
  - Thumbnail and Text List
- How would user behaviour change for the mobile platform?
  - Users of mobile devices expect to be able to continue what they have been doing after being interrupted.They also expect to be able to jump quickly to another application (i.e. camera to take an impromptu selfie) and back without major delays in terms of data and relearning the application.Is your application designed to survive an interruption every 90 seconds? Is your interface cognizant of this and support ease of continuation?
- What are example Mobile pattern mistakes in the real world?
10 - Accessibility & Internationalizations
- What is the concept of accessibility and inclusive design?
  - accessibility is a measure of how effectively all people, including those with disabilities, are able to access and use web pages.
- What are the different types of disabilities?
  - Low vision
  - Colour blindness
  - Physical impairment
  - Cognitive impairment
    - Clinical cognitive disability
      - Learning disabilities: dyslexia
      - Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
      - Brain injury
    - Functional cognitive disability
      - What are solutions to those disabilities?
      - Memory:
        Break a length page into short separate pages
        Write short and clear instructions
        Have consistent interface and presentation
      - Problem-solving
        Keep error messages as explanatory as possible
        Tell users what they did wrong and how to fix the problem.
        Suggest alternate spellings to users
        Warn users when actions can cause potentially serious consequences, such as deleting a file.
        Needs ideas expressed in clear, easy-to-understand language
      - Attention:
      - Reading, linguistic, and verbal comprehension
        Write simple and clear
        Have a clear document organisation and structure
      - Visual comprehension
        Use visual cues to highlight important points or sections of the content
        Eliminate advertisements if possible
        Use headings to draw attention to the important points and outline of the content
        Avoid background noises or images that distract
  - Low literacy
- Why is it important to design for everybody?
- Why is it important to design for everybody?
- What are the things we need to consider when designing for different cultures?
  - language
  - numbers
  - direction
  - culture

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Description: Information Technology Mind Map on exams, created by Ammar Albaqshi on 09/06/2019.
Created by: Ammar Albaqshi
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