Atomic strusture

Atomic strusture

1. Fundimental particales

   • Proton Positive Charge=1 Mass=1
   • Neutron Neutral Mass=1 No Charge
   • Electron Negetive Charge =-1 Mass=1/1840
   • Periodic State Symbol
   • Mass Number- The number or protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
   • Atomic Number-The numberof protons in the nucleus of an atom
     • Also equals same number of electrons to cancel each other out in the atom
   • p=protons n=neurons A=atomic number p=8+7=15 n=8+8=16 A=15+16=31 answer=phosphorus with the mass number of 31 and atomic number of 15

2. Isotopes

   • Isotopes-atoms with the same number of protons but different nuber of neutrons
     • The same chemical properties because of the same arrangement of electrons in orbitals
     • Different physical properties because of neutron balance

3. Relative Atomic Mass Ar=average mass of an atom of an element _________________1/12th mass of an atom of Carbon-12

   • Relative Molecular Mass Mr=average mass of a molecule____________ 1/12th mass of an atom of Carbon-12
     • Calculating Abundance

4. Mass Spectrometer

   • Ionisation- High energy electron gun knocks out electrons from the atom to create a positively charged Ion (+1)
   • Acceleration- positive ions are accelerated by an electtric field (negitively charged plates, thats repel the ion causing it to spin and thus accelerate
   • Defelection- megnetic field deflects the ions, the lighter the ion the more it is deflected, altering the megnetic field strength can allow all the ions to be counted
     • By changing magnetic field strength all the mass to charge ratios can be detected
     • Effects defelection
       • mass,charge,mass to charge ratio
   • Detection-Ions hit the ion counter and collect an electron ,causing a current to flow and charge change to be detected and counted
     • Greater current=Greater abundance
   • heavy ion (greater mass to charge ration)
   • Lighter ions (less mass to charge ratio)
   • Mass-to-Charge-Ratio m/z mass number (m)________charge (z)
     • eg 20N+ m=20 z=+1 m/z=20
       • Interpruting the mass spectrometer
         • Enter text here

5. Electronic Configuration

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