Cognitive Influences on Language Learning

Cognitive Influences on Language Learning

1. INTELLIGENCE OR THE "G" FACTOR

   • G= GENERAL AND IT IS PRESENT IN ALL LEARNERS
     • The intelligence in the 2nd language depends on what we understand by it
       • Learning a foreign language does not work the same way as learning a first language
       • The intelligence has been define and mesured in terms of linguistic and logical mathematical abilities IQ (Intelligence Quotient)
         • Gardener referred 7 multiple intelligences
           • 9.Spiritual
           • 1.Logico-mathematic
           • 2.Linguistic
           • 3 Spatial
           • 4.Musical
           • 5.Bodily-Kinesthetic
           • 6. Interpersonal
           • 7.Intrapersonal
           • 8.Naturalistic

2. LANGUAGE APTITUDE

   • Aptitude is considered to be the "natural ability " which peaple learn languages
     • According to Sekhan (1989) the aptitude is a successful way in the language learning process
   • Carroll and Sapo's MLAT identified 4 main components
     • -Phonemic or phonetic coding ability
     • Grammatical sensitivity
     • Inductive language learning ability
     • Learning ability

3. COGNITIVE STYLE

   • Cognitive style refers to the manner in which the learner recalls information
   • Brown (1973) considered a combination of affect and cognition the cognitive style and groups specific variables:
     • -Reflective-impulsive thinking
     • -Broad-narrow categorizing
     • -Skeletonizing - embroidering
     • Belief congruence-contradiction
   • Four perceptual learning tendencies:
     • Visual learning
     • Auditory learning
     • Kinaesthetic learning
     • Tactile learning
   • Learning styles by ESL learners in Australia
     • Concrete learning style
     • Analytic learning style
     • Communicative learning syle
     • Authority-orientated learning style

4. LEARNING STRATEGIES

   • Ellis (1997) point out that the learning strategies are the set of approaches or techniques that the learners apply in order to try to learn a second language
   • Learners may make use of different tyoes of strategies
     • Cognitive strategies
     • Memory strategies
     • Compensation strategies
     • Metacognitive strategies
     • Social strategies
     • Affective strategies
     • Communication Strategies

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