EWT

EWT

1. leading Q

   • Q promts certain answer

2. loftus and palmer

   • 1st exp- 45 american students 5 conditions asked the same question but different verb from contacted to smashed, results showed how condition with the verb contacted estimated a speed of 38.1mph and smashed estimated 40.8mph suggests wording of a Q can effect the answer
     • Evaluate- can't generalize as all american students and they may have diff knowledge of cars and speed, lab exp demand characteristics, low mundane realism if down in a natural setting recall would be diff due to stress but a video doesn't cause any psychological harm, ethics.
   • 2nd exp 3 conditions 2 with verb 1 without, asked if they saw the broken glass results showed 16 said yes in group with verb and 34 said no but no verb 6 said yes and 44 said no shows post event info can effect answer

3. effects EWT

   • anxiety - yerkes dodson law suggests violent scenes decrease recall - christianne and hubinette asked 58 people who witnessed bank robbery ones who had their life at risk had ether recall than people who didn't Yuielle and cutshall canada gun shop robert even 4 weeks later they had accurate recall
     • weapon focus- person recalls weapon better than person behind the weapon
       • Loftus et al P's in adjacing room 2 conditions 1st one hear heated discussion and see man appear with pen and grease in his hand but 2nd condition see man with knife with blood on it in his hand, from pictures 1st condition recalled 49% accurate person better but 2nd condition recalled 33% accurate
         • evaluate- psychological harm, deception, lab exp demand characteristics, low ecological validity
   • age of witness- school and college students compared to see accurate recall of picture from mock crime slide sequence, school kids had higher rate of choosing than adults but made more errors
   • effects of delay- memon et al young middle aged group had confident recall in 35mins and elder group had accurate recall but with a delay of 1 week elder group had less accurate recall
   • age diff- yamey stopped 651 people in public and asked them to recall psychical characteristics of women they spoke to for 15 secs 2 mins ago, young middle age had better confident recall than elderly
   • Evaluate- age bias- all students so harder for elderly to recall different age group faces Atkinson& rehodes young middle and elderly aged P's asked to pick the most attractive out of 24 pictures then after a distraction filler activity asked to recall original 24 out of 48 pictures, results showed they best recalled pictures with similar age group, own race bias- they accurately chose pictures of people with the same race as them