berlin

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Germany = four zones and berlin in four sections as well.

berlin deep in soviet control, divided berlin = USA had a foothold in soviet eastern block.

people in the east didn't like communist government. ( better jobs, higher wages west)

lost left for the west leaving eastern Germany with skill shortages, made soviets look bad no one liked them.

USSR know felt they had to push west out of berlin.

east more trops than west

soivets could easily win.

H-bomb ( 1953)

but usa had more money , and bombs.

the berlin wall

USSR demand withdraw 1958= couldn't allow more people to leave the east.

usa object= didn't want to leave as its humiliating, but didn't want a war so called for a comferance.

summits

may 1959- Geneva

September 1959- US president Eisenhower met krushchev in the USA. camp david

may 1960= second Eisenhower vs Khrushchev meeting ( paris)

June 1961= meeting between Khrushchev and the new US president J.F.Kennedy ( Vienna)

what happened at summits ?

first 2 summits nothing agreed but went well ish, BUT 3rd = disaster- US spy plane shot down over USSR land Eisenhower wouldn't apologies and summit collapsed. Final summit only happened because new US president but no one wanted to back down. Kennedy prepared for neuclear war.

NEXT

Khrushchev backed down: couldn't win nuclear war.]

west powers stayed in berlin.

berlin wall built ( august 1961)

anyone tried to escape the east was hot ( many died)

war with USA avoided.