Immune Response - created from Mind Map

Page 1

Innate Immunity (Immediate but not specific)

Adaptive Immunity (5-7 days but specific)

Physical and chemical barriers to entry

Inflammatory response

Phagocytes and natural killer cells

Protective proteins

Localized tissue response to injury

Damaged cells and mast cells release histamine which causes capillaries to dilate and become more permeable.

Enlarged capillaries cause skin to redden.

Swelling stimulates free nerve endings, causing pain.

Neutrophils and monocytes migrate to the site of injury.

Acute-phase proteins, released by the liver in response to inflammatory mediators, make it easier for phagocytes to engulf invaders.

Macrophage processes and presents antigen and produces cytokines calling for help.

Neutrophils, dendritic cells and granulated cells drawn in from bloodstream.

NK cells activated by cytokines and identify disease and virus infected cells.

NK cells bind and release enzymes into cell causing apoptosis,

Complement

Interferon

Complement proteins form a donutlike ring, called a membrane attack complex, in the plasma membrane.

Fluid and salts enter susceptible cells through the membrane attack complex.

Lysis of the cell results in its destruction.

Signals neighbouring uninfected cells to destroy RNA and reduce protein synthesis.

Signals neighbouring infected to cells to undergo apoptosis.

Activates immune cells.

Recognition of antigen|Response to the antigen|Memory of antigen

B-cells (Antibody Mediated)

T-cells (Cell Mediated)

B-cell receptors (BCR) bind directly to antigens.

B cells give rise to plasma cells

Plasma cells produce and secrete antibodies.

T-cell receptors (TCR)

Helper T cells

Cytotoxic T cells

Bind to antigens presented by antigen-presenting cells (APC).

Regulate specific immunity.

Kill virus-infected cells and cancer cells.