Quiz
BVetMed4: Urinary
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Questions in this quiz (74)
1Painful or difficulty urinating is
- Apolyuria
- Bdysuria
- Coliguria
- Danuria
2A less than normal urine output is
- Apolyuria
- Boliguria
- Canuria
- Ddysuria
3Which of the following is within the normal range of urine output in a day for a 10 kg dog?
- A100 ml
- B120 ml
- C400 ml
- D500 ml
4Which of the following is likely NOT associated with an upper urinary tract infection?
- APolyuria/polydipsia
- BHalitosis
- COral Ulcerations
- DDysuria
5Which of the following can be associated with EITHER an upper urinary tract or lower urinary tract infection?
- Apolyuria / polydipsia
- Bdehydration
- Curinary incontinence
- Ddysuria
- Ehaematuria
6How would you ideally collect urine for a culture?
- AFree catch
- BCystocentesis
- CCatheter sampling
- DIt doesn't matter
7What position is ideal for urethral catherisation in female cats?
- Asternal recumbency
- Bventral recumbency
- Clateral recumbency
8Compromised renal perfusion can cause what type of renal failure?
- APre-renal
- BIntrarenal
- CPost-renal
9Ascending pyelonephritis can cause what type of renal failure
- Aintrarenal
- Bpre-renal
- Cpost-renal
10Tubular necrosis can cause what type of renal failure?
- Apre-renal
- Bintrarenal
- Cpost-renal
11An ascending infection (with exception of pyelonephritis) can cause what type of renal failure?
- APre-renal
- BIntrarenal
- CPost-renal
12Azotaemia is the abrupt increase in serum concentration of
- Aurea
- Bcreatinine
- Cpotassium
- Dsodium
- Ephosphates
- Fcalcium
13Acute renal failure usually results in all of the following EXCEPT:
- AAzotaemia
- BMetabolic acidosis
- CCardiac dysrrhythmia
- DHypercalcaemia
- EMuscular tremors
14This is a histopathology sample of a kidney in chronic renal failure. Label the pathological processes seen.
- Aglomerulosclerosis
- Binterstitial fibrosis
- Closs of tubules
- Dperiglomerular fibrosis
- Einflammation
15Pale and shrunken kidneys are a sign of
- Aacute renal failure
- Bchronic renal failure
- Ceither chronic or acute renal failure
16Which of the following is NOT a systemic effect of uraemia?
- AOedema
- BAzotaemia
- CHypophosphataemia
- DNon-regenerative anaemia
17Decreased ionised serum calcium stimulates the secretion of what hormone?
- APTH
- BCalcitriol
- CADH
- DAldosterone
18Fibrous osteodystrophy can be a result of
- Aazotaemia
- Bsecondary renal hyperparathyroidism
- Cplasma protein loss
- Ddecreased production of erythropoietin
19Which of the following is NOT a direct cause of secondary renal hyperparathyroidism?
- ANephrocalcinosis
- BFibrous osteodystrophy
- CHyperkalaemia
- DHypocalcaemia
20The two main mechanism that cause non-renal lesions of uraemia are [blank_start]vasculitis[blank_end] and [blank_start]ulceration[blank_end].
- Avasculitis
- Bulceration
21Acute renal failure is where more than [blank_start]75[blank_end]% of renal functional capacity is abruptly impaired.
- A75
22Which of the following is/are predisoposed to this development disorder of the kidney?
- APersian
- BSiamese
- CEnglish Bulldog
- DBull terriers
23Unilateral aplasia of the kidney can go unnoticed in a cat.
- ATrue
- BFalse
24What order does filtrate travel through the glomerular filtration barrier?
- Afenestrated endothelium > basal lamina > podocytes > bowman's space
- Bbasal lamina > fenestrated endothelium > podocytes > bowman's space
- Cpodocytes > fenestrated endothelium > basal lamina > bowman's space
25Which of the following can cause increased cellularity in the glomerulus along with prolonged antigenaemia?
- APyometra
- BGlomerular Amyloidosis
- CAcute suppurative glomerulitis
26Which of the following glomerular diseases is depicted in this histology image?
- AImmune mediated glomerulonephritis
- BGlomerular Amyloidosis
- CAcute Suppurative Glomerulitis
27Which of the following kidneys shows pathological changes caused by acute suppurative glomerulitis?
- A
- B
- C
- A
28A protein-losing nephropathy can cause [blank_start]hypoproteinaemia[blank_end] which [blank_start]decreases[blank_end] plasma osmotic pressure.
- Ahypoproteinaemia
- Bhyperproteinaemia
- Cdecreases
- Dincreases
- Ehypocholesterolaemia
29In nephrotic syndrome, you have leakage of [blank_start]albumin[blank_end] into the glomerular filtrate which overwhelms the resorptive function of the [blank_start]proximal[blank_end] convoluted tubule which causes [blank_start]proteinuria[blank_end].
- Aalbumin
- Bproximal
- Cproteinuria
30What is the most important cause of acute renal failure?
- AAcute tubular necrosis
- BAbrupt azotaemia
- CImmune mediated glomerulonephritis
- DGlomerular amyloidosis
- EAcute suppurative glomerulitis
31Acute tubular necrosis results in decreased [blank_start]renal perfusion[blank_end] which lowers GRF and causes arteriolar [blank_start]vasoconstricture[blank_end] which causes further [blank_start]ischaemia[blank_end].
- Arenal perfusion
- Bvasoconstriction
- Cischaemia
32Severe damage to the tubular [blank_start]basement membrane[blank_end] causes necrosis and failure of functional repair of the tubules.
- Abasement membrane
33An overdose of which drug can cause acute tubular necrosis?
- ACarprofen
- BPrednisolone
- CGabapentin
- DPenicillin
34Which of the following toxins can cause acute tubular necrosis in cats?
- AChocolate
- BOak
- CLilies
- DGrapes
35Ethylene glycol or antifreeze causes [blank_start]calcium oxalate crystal[blank_end] to precipitate in the [blank_start]tubular lumen[blank_end] which causes obstruction.
- Acalcium oxalate crystals
- Btubular lumen
36Ethylene glycol or antifreeze is oxidized by the liver into the toxic metabolites [blank_start]glycolic acid[blank_end] and [blank_start]oxalate[blank_end].
- Aglycolic acid
- Boxalate
37Which of the following produces an epsilon toxin which causes acute tubular necrosis in small ruminants?
- AClostridium perfringens type D
- BAspergillus
- COak poisoning
- DLily plants
38In a lateral radiograph of a dog's abdomen, between which vertebrae would you expect to find the right kidney?
- AT13 - L2
- BL2 - L6
- CL1 - L4
- DT8 - T12
39Which radiographic view is best for measuring the size of the kidneys?
- Av/d
- Bd/v
- Cright lateral
- Dleft lateral
40What is the correct order, ventral to dorsal, of the organs in the pelvic floor?
- Aurinary bladder > uterus > colon
- Buterus > urinary bladder > colon
- Ccolon > urinary bladder > uterus
41How do you administer an iodine based contrast medium?
- AA slow, constant IV infusion
- BA large IV bolus
- CA large, constant IV infusion
- DA small IV bolus
42A nephrogram is best taken how long after injection of contrast?
- AAt the start of injection
- B1 minute after injection
- C3 minutes after injection
- D5 minutes after injection
- E10 minutes after injection
43Which of the following contrast-based radiographs would show the best visualization of the renal medulla, cortex and parenchyma?
- AVascular phase
- BNephrogram
- CPyelogram
44A pneumocystogram uses
- APositive contrast
- BDouble contrast
- CNegative contrast
45For a suspected bladder rupture you would use
- A25% diluted positive contrast
- BNegative contrast
- CDouble contrast
- DUndiluted positive contrast
46What type of contrast was used in this cystogram?
- ADouble contrast
- BPositive contrast
- CNegative contrast
47What is your diagnosis based on this cystogram?
- AUroliths
- BBlood Clots
- CAir bubbles
48What is the most common type of bladder neoplasia?
- ATransitional cell carcinoma
- BLymphosarcoma
- CLeiomyosarcoma
- DSquamous cell carcinoma
49Which of the following is not typical of chronic renal failure in a dog?
- ANon-regnerative anaemia
- BA BCS of 3 out of 5
- CRubber jaw
- DA small, misshapen kidney
50A dog is brought in with high creatinine and urea values. A urinalysis shows his USG is 1.040. The azotaemia is likely
- APre-renal
- BRenal
- CPost-renal
51How do you treat pyelonephritis?
- AEmpiric antibiotic therapy. Only culture urine if infection is resistant.
- BEmpiric antibiotic therapy, culture urine, and re-culture post-treatment.
- CEmpiric antibiotic therapy and culture the urine prior to treatment.
- DCulture urine and then prescribe antibiotics based on culture results.
52Which antibiotic is used to clear the carrier status of animals infected with leptospirosis?
- APenicillin G
- BAmpicillin
- CAmoxycillin
- DDoxycycline
53Urolithiasis causes what type of renal failure?
- APre-renal
- BIntrarenal
- CPost-renal
54Which of the following causes haematogenous infection of the renal tubules and interstitium?
- AClostridium perfringens
- BLepstospira
- CMycloplasma
- DEthylene glycol
55What is Virchow's triad?
- AThree mechanisms needed to develop pyelonephritis
- BThree mechanisms needed for thrombosis development
- CA series of drugs used to treat thromboemboli in the kidney
- DThree causes of papillary necrosis
56What is the correctly matched artery blockages for development of renal infarcts?
- Ablocked interlobar artery = only cortex infarction
- Bblocked arcuate artery = only medullary infarction
- Cblocked interlobular artery = only cortical infarction
- Dblocked arcuate artery = only cortical infarction
57Which of the following diseases does NOT cause renal ischaemia?
- Ahydroneprhosis
- Bpapillary necrosis
- Cimmune-mediated glomerulonephritis
- Dethylene glycol
58What is the cause of primary papillary necrosis?
- ADecreased vasa recta blood flow
- BNSAID overdose
- CCiclosporin overdose
- DProlonged antiganemia
59The vesicoureteral reflux is associated with the development of....
- Apyelonephritis
- Bpapillary necrosis
- Crenal emboli
- Dprimary renal glycosuria
60A patent urachus is a developmental anomaly seen in
- Afoals
- Bdogs
- Ccalves
- Dlambs
61A patent urachus forms a direct channel between the bladder and the [blank_start]umbilicus[blank_end].
- Aumbilicus
62What deficiency can lead to the development of urolithiasis?
- AVitamin D
- BVitamin A
- CMagnesium
- DLysine
63Which of the following bacteria hydrolyze urea, release excessive ammonia which causes cystitis in pigs?
- ACorynebacterium renale
- BEubacterium suis
- CEscherichia coli
- DClostridium perfringens
64Which of the following bacteria can split glucose molecules, release carbon dioxide into the bladder lumen and cause emphysematous cystitis?
- AEscherichia coli
- BClostridium perfringens
- CCorynebacterium renale
- DEubacterium suis
65Which of the following is a rare mesenchymal tumour that typically affects the bladder and urethra of young large breed dogs?
- ATransitional cell papilloma
- BSquamous cell carcinoma
- CRhabdomyosarcoma
- DLeiomyomas
66Transitional cell papillomas can cause obstruction and the development of...
- Aurolithiasis
- Bhydronephrosis
- Cpyelonephritis
- Dpapillary necrosis
67Which of the following would you use a double contrast cystogram to diagnose?
- AUroliths
- BBladder rupture
- CTraumatic inguineal hernia
- Dpelvic bladder
68A pelvic bladder is best idealized using which type of contrast study?
- ANegative contrast
- BPositive contrast
- CDouble contrast
69This urethrogram shows...
- Aurethral tumour
- Burethral calculi
- Cair bubbles
- Dblood clots
70The urinary bladder wall should be less than [blank_start]2[blank_end] mm thick.
- A2
71What is the most common type of bladder neoplasia?
- ATransitional cell carcinoma
- BLeiomyoma
- CSquamous cell carcinoma
- DRhabdomyosarcoma
72Which of the following is a licensed, short acting oestrogen used to treat urinary incontinence in female dogs?
- AOestriol
- BPhenylpronolamine
- CEthinyloestradiol
- DOestradiol benzoate
73Which of the following drugs can be used to treat both female and male dogs with urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence (USMI)?
- Aphenylpropanolamine
- Boestriol
- Ctestosterone
- Datropine
74Feline [blank_start]urologic[blank_end] syndrome can cause lower urinary tract obstruction by fine [blank_start]struvite[blank_end] crystals in a mucoid protein matrix fill the [blank_start]urethra[blank_end].
- Aurologic
- Bstruvite
- Curethra
Information
- Description
- Only covers first four lectures in the BVetMed4 urinary strand
- Author
- Marina Martins
- Language
- English
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