Unit 2

Early Colonies

• 
• French: Quebec
• male, small, dependent
• Dutch: Fort Nassau (Hudson), New Amsterdam
• English: Roanoke (Raleigh), Newfoundland (Gilbert)
• motivation: become a larger power in Europe
• 1660: Navigation Acts - promote mercantilism (restrict foreign trade)
• 1664: Take over New Amsterdam
• Slaves are first used as indentured servants
• Spanish: Florida, Georgia
• Pueblo Revolt (successful)
• 1600s: Brazil/ West Indies import slaves for sugar plantations

English Colonies

• The English wanted land and did not seek religious converts. They often defeated tribes and bought their land through a forced treaty.
• 1688: Glorious Revolution (Dominion of New England remains)
• Stratification (elect in New England, Southern planters)
• 1730s: Great Awakening
• Whitefield, Edwards, New Light Puritanism
• division of genders in labor (women "protected")
• 1607: Jamestown
• John Smith saves the barely surviving immigrants with his military rule and trade with the Indians.
• 1622: Opechancanough attacks, massacre
• 1676: Bacon's Rebellion
• 1620: Plymouth
• Pilgrims (separatists) see the natives as savages
• 1637: Pequot War: massacre of Pequot tribe
• 1675: King Philip's War: Plymouth kills natives, the tribe retaliates, but the English kill Metacom (leader)
• 1636: Roger Williams proposes separation of church and state, Anne Hutchinson declares direct contact with God, both banished to RI
• 1692: Salem Witch Trials

English Colonies (ct'd)

• Chesapeake
• headrights, tobacco
• House of Burgesses (VA Company and governer can veto)
• John Rolfe: starts cultivating tobacco
• Maryland: proprietary colony for Lord Baltimore and the Catholics
• Protestants eventually take over
• New England
• Body of Liberties (free speech, assembly, protection under law)
• Great Migration (Puritans to Massachusetts Bay Company)
• Middle Colonies
• middle class (merchants), manufacturing
• NY: Chater of Liberties and Protections (asserting rights of Englishmen
• Leisler's Rebellion (led Dutch to reclaim NY)
• Pennsylvania: founded by William Penn and the Quakers
• South
• rice, indigo
• Cavaliers (from English civil war)
• Carolinas
• Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina (feudal, headrights, elected assembly, toleration)
• 1739: Stono Rebellion
• led to stricter slave codes
• Georgia: founded by Oglethorpe, penal

Colonial Societies

Slide 5