Flashcards
Chapter 7 - Blood and Circulation
Cards in this deck (26)
- 1What is the purpose of the circulatory system?To provide a link between the cells inside the body which have requirement and the outside environment
- 2List the functions of the blood (there are 8)1. Transporting O² and nutrients to body
2. Transporting Co² and wastes away
3. Transporting hormones to cells
4. Maintaining pH of body fluids
5. Protecting against disease
6. Maintain water content & ion conc.
7. Maintaining body temp.
8. Clotting - 3What is the blood made up of and its %?Plasma: 55%
Formed elements (incl. RBC, WBC and Platelets): 45% - 4What is the scientific name for white blood cells and what are their function?Scientific name: Leucocytes
Remove dead/injured cells and invade micro-organisms. Live for years but only days when infection is present - 5What is the scientific name for Red Blood Cells and what is their function?Scientific name: Erythrocytes
Have no nucleus which allows more room for haemoglobin to allow transport of oxygen - 6What is the scientific name for platelets and what is their function?Scientific name: Thrombocytes
Allow for blood clotting - 7How is oxygen transported?Oxygen combines with Haemoglobin to create oxyhaemoglobin - increased O² carrying capacity by 60-70x
Hb + O² ⇆ HbO² - 8How is carbon dioxide transported?7 - 8% is dissolved in plasma
22% combines with 'globin' to create carbominohaemoglobin - 9What is the name of the membrane which covers the heart?Pericardium
- 10What type of muscle is the heart made ofCardiac muscle
- 11What are the 3 types of blood vessels and where do they carry blood to?1. Arteries: Carry blood away from heart
2. Veins: Carry blood to the heart
3. Capillaries: Tiny vessels that carry blood between cells - 12What are atrioventricular valves?Thin flaps of tissue found in the atria and ventricles that catch blood to prevent back flow
- 13What are semi-lunar valves?Valves in the arteries that prevent back flow of blood
- 14What are the stages of the cardiac cycle?1. Systole: Contraction
2. Diastole: Relaxation
3. Atrial systole: Contraction of atria
4. Atrial diastole: Relaxing of atria - 15What is the formula for cardiac output?Cardiac output (mL/min) = stroke vol. (mL/min) X heart rate (beats/min)
- 16What is the difference between arteries and veins?
- 17How does a blood clot occur?Formation of threads called fibrin traps blood (causing clot)
- 18What is the function of the lymphatic system?To collect fluid that escapes from the blood capillaries and return it to the circulatory system
- 19What is phagocytosis?When phagocytic cells called macrophages destroy bacteria by injesting them
- 20What is a blood transfusion?Where blood or a blood product is taken from a donor and injected into the patient's bloodstream
- 21What is an antigen?A substance that stimulates the formation of an antibody
- 22What are the 4 blood groups?1. A
2. B
3. AB
4. O - 23What antigens & antibodies do blood group A have?Antigen: A
Antibody: Anti-B - 24What antigens & antibodies do blood group B have?Antigen: B
Antibody: Anti-A - 25What antigens & antibodies do blood group AB have?Antigens: A & B
Antibody: Neither A nor B - 26What antigens & antibodies do blood group O have?Antigens: Neither A nor B
Antibody: Anti-A & Anti-B
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- Year 11 ATAR Human Biology 2017 Chapter 7 - Blood & Circulation
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- Zita Wormuth
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