Flashcards
Breathing System
Cards in this deck (25)
- 1thoraxupper part of the body (protected by ribcage)
- 2abdomenlower part of the body
- 3ventilationmovement of air in and out of the lungs
- 4describe the process of breathing in- lower air pressure
- thorax volume increases
- intercostal muscles contract
- ribcage up and out
- diaphragm contracts and flattens - 5describe the process of breathing out- higher air pressure
- thorax volume decreases
- intercostal muscles relax
- ribcage down and in
- diaphragm relaxes and moves up - 6what are alveoli?alveoli are small broccoli-shaped formations in your lungs that are used in gas exchange when breathing
- 7adaptations of alveoli- good blood supply (more space and movement for steeper concentration gradient)
- moist (gases dissolve in liquid)
- large surface area (faster diffusion)
- thin cell wall (short distance) - 8gas exchangethe diffusion of oxygen from the alveoli into the blood and carbon dioxide from the blood into the alveoli
- 9how does emphysema affect alveoli?it reduces their surface area so decreases the rate of diffusion
- 10ciliatiny hairs on the lungs
- 11purpose of cilia- keep lungs clean
- make mucus (traps dirt and bacteria)
-wafts to move mucus - 12goblet cellcell in lungs with no cilia and a dip in the middle
- 13respirationreaction to release energy in cells
- 14chemical reactions in cells are controlled by...enzymes
- 15uses of energy-build up large molecules from smaller ones
- muscle contractions (animals)
- maintain body temperature (mammals and birds)
- build sugars, nitrates and other nutrients into amino acids (plants) - 16types of respiration-aerobic (with oxygen)
-anaerobic (without oxygen) - produces a twentieth of the energy of aerobic - 17aerobic respiration word equationoxygen + glucose -> carbon dioxide + water
- 18aerobic respiration symbol equation (balanced)C6 H12 O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 +6H20
- 19anaerobic respiration word equationglucose -> lactic acid + energy + water
- 20anaerobic respiration symbol equation (balanced)C3 H6 O3 + 3O2 -> 3CO2 + 3H2O
- 21lactic acid- causes cramp / muscle pain
- mild poison
- to get rid of it the body must repay the 'oxygen debt' - 22effects of exercise- increased heart rate / blood flow (more oxygen and glucose in blood travelling faster)
- higher breathing rate/ depth (more carbon dioxide out, more oxygen diffuses into red blood cells)
- more aerobic respiration (more energy) - 23glycogenconverted glucose
- 24glucosestored glycogen in liver and muscles
- 25what can anaerobic respiration lead to?muscle fatigue
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- GCSE Sciences (Biology) Flashcards on Breathing System, created by Kit Sinclair on 18/04/2015.
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- Kit Sinclair
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