Flashcards
Enzyme Structure and Function
Cards in this deck (25)
- 1What is a catalyst?A chemical entity that increases the speed of a reaction
- 2What must a chemical do to be considered a catalyst?1) speed up the reaction
2) not be used up or altered permanently by the reaction - 3How does a catalyst work?It helps with the alignment of reactants, increasing the likelihood of successful reactions
- 4What is an enzyme?A biological catalyst - catalyze reactions happening inside living things
- 5Why are enzymes needed in living things?To allow for fast reactions without the associated increase in energy expenditure needed without them
- 6What are the 4 catalytic strategies?Acid/base catalysis - proton transfer
Covalent catalysis - electron transfer
Electrostatic catalysis - charge stabilizer
Proximity and orientation effects - increase frequency of successful collisions - 7What is delta G dagger/Ea?The free energy of activation the reactant needs to get to the product
- 8What is delta G naught/ErcnThe standard free energy change between the product and reactant, also energy released
- 9What does catalysis do energetically?Decreases the activation energy of the reaction
- 10What does the Induced Fit Model state?Binding of an enzyme and a substrate is strongest at the transition state because they have molded together
- 11What is allosteric binding?Binding on an enzyme not at the active site
- 12What is the purpose of allosteric binding?To regulate the reaction
- 13What are the 6 types of enzymes?1) transferase
2) ligase
3) oxidoreductase
4) isomerase
5) hydrolase
6) lyase - 14What is a transferase?Enzyme that transfers an X group from molecule A to B
- 15What is a ligase?Enzyme that combines molecule A and molecule B into molecule AB
- 16What is an oxidoreductase?Enzyme that uses oxidation/reduction to take an electron (or H-) from molecule A and give it to molecule B
- 17What is an isomerase?Enzyme that transforms a molecule A into its isomer molecule B
- 18What is a hydrolase?Enzyme that uses water to transform molecule A into its component molecules B and C
- 19What is a lyase?Enzyme that transforms molecule A into its component molecules B and C (without water or ox/red) (through generation of double bond or ring)
- 20What is a coenzyme?An organic carrier molecule that helps enzymes by holding onto things
- 21What is a cofactor?A thing that participates and assists in catalysis
- 22What is a vitamin?Dietary organic cofactor or coenzyme
- 23What is a mineral?Dietary inorganic cofactor
- 24How will changing temperature affect proteins?This changes the protein geometry of enzymes, and can cause them to lose some or all function
- 25How will changing pH affect proteins?This changes protonation of amino acids, and can cause them to lose some or all function