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Flashcards

Water

Miss C Rodgers English 49 cards

Cards in this deck (49)

  1. 1What gases are dissolved in rainwater?Carbon dioxide and oxygen
  2. 2What ions does groundwater contain?Mg2+, Ca2+, Na+ and K+
    Magnesium, Calcium, Sodium and Potassium
  3. 3How do ions get into the groundwater?From minerals dissolved as it permeates through rocks.
  4. 4What is the definition of a solute?Chemical which dissolves in a solvent to form a solution.
  5. 5Name the three impurities in natural water.Solvents, microorganisms and pollutants.
  6. 6Name 4 man-made pollutants that pollute natural water?Pesticides, fertilisers, household waste and industrial waste.
  7. 7Why is water a resource in demand?Increasing population and industrialisation, climate change potentially causing water shortages all over the world.
  8. 8Name three ways to reduce water consumption.Take shorter showers, not leaving water running when cleaning teeth and having a water meter fitted to monitor water used.
  9. 9What is desalination?Removing salt from sea water to convert it into water fit for drinking.
  10. 10What is abstraction?Term used for extracting water for human use.
  11. 11Name 4 ways of abstracting water.Pumping underground water to the surface, building damns/reservoirs, taking water from rivers/lakes, collecting rainwater and desalinating sea water.
  12. 12Name a disadvantage of building damns and rivers.Destroying habitats
  13. 13Why might poorer countries have no access to treated water?Extracted locations may be miles away and may be expensive.
  14. 14State the three ways water is treated.Sedimentation, filtration and chlorination.
  15. 15What happens in the filtration stage of treating water?Smaller insoluble particles are removed.
  16. 16What happens in the sedimentation stage of treating water?Larger solid particles settle under gravity.
  17. 17What happens in the chlorination stage of treating water?Kills bacteria, prevents disease/makes it safe to drink.
  18. 18Why is fluorine added to the water?Prevent tooth decay.
  19. 19What is demineralisation?Bacteria in food convert sugars in food into acid which causes enamel to dissolve.
  20. 20What is remineralisation?Saliva neutralises the acid and minerals re-enter the enamel.
  21. 21What are the benefits of adding fluorine to water?It alters the structure of enamel in young children making it more resistance to acid attack. Encourages remineralisation. Reduces the ability of plaque bacteria to form acid.
  22. 22Reasons not to add fluorine to water.Causes dental fluorosis, already in toothpaste and people shouldn’t be forced take additives.
  23. 23What is desalination?Removal of salt from sea water
  24. 24What is the simplest form of desalination?Distillation
  25. 25Why is distillation not possible in some parts of the country for desalination?Uses large amount of costly energy
  26. 26What factors are taken into account with desalination?Closeness to sea, availability of cheap energy to remove water and the country’s wealth.
  27. 27What are the two ways of removing water from sea water?Distillation and reverse osmosis
  28. 28How does distillation separate water and ethanol?They have different boiling points and evaporate off at different points.
  29. 29What is the boiling point of water?100?C
  30. 30What is a fractionating column used for?Separating several different liquids
  31. 31What two processes are involved in distillation?Boiling and condensing
  32. 32What is a solute?A chemical (solid) that dissolves in a solvent
  33. 33What does saturated mean?When no more solute can dissolve
  34. 34How would you determine the amount of solute needed for a solution to be saturated?Add solute until no more dissolves, filter, dry residue, weigh and subtract amount from amount added.
  35. 35What ions do hard water contain?Calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+)
  36. 36What does temporary hard water contain?Calcium hydrogencarbonate and / or magnesium hydrogencarbonate
  37. 37What happens when temporary hard water is boiled?Hardness removed and solid calcium carbonate is formed.
  38. 38What is limescale?Calcium carbonate clogs up pipes and restricts the flow of water.
  39. 39What does permanent hard water contain?Chlorides and / or sulfates of calcium and magnesium
  40. 40Can boiling soften permanent hard water?No
  41. 41What does boiling do to the calcium and magnesium hydrogencarbonates in temporary hard water?Converts into carbonates which are insoluble and precipitate out.
  42. 42How does adding sodium carbonate soften hard water?Prevents calcium and magnesium ions bonding to the washing detergent meaning less detergent has to be used.
  43. 43What are the advantages of adding sodium carbonate to hard water?It’s cheap and can remove permanent hardness.
  44. 44Can ion exchange columns remove both permanent and temporary hardness?Yes
  45. 45What does hard water form?Scum and poor lather when shaken with soap solution
  46. 46How can you measure the amount of hardness in different water samples?Measuring lather produced from a soap solution
  47. 47What are the disadvantages of using boiling to soften water?Only useful for small volumes and does not remove permanent hardness
  48. 48What are the benefits of having calcium compounds dissolved in water?Teeth, bones and reduce heart disease.
  49. 49Why do boilers and hot water pipes become ‘furred up’?Calcium carbonate precipitates and coats pipes making them less efficient.

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Flashcards on Water, created by Miss C Rodgers on 12/06/2024.
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Miss C Rodgers
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