Flashcards
All about bones 1
Cards in this deck (28)
- 1Bones have two membranes, the ______________ and the ________________.Periosteum; endosteum
- 2The periosteum lines the _______ surface, and the endosteum lines the ____________ ____________.Outer;
Medullary cavity - 3The periosteum has two layers: the fibrous layer that contains ________ and the ________ layer that produces osteoblasts from progenitor cells.fibroblasts; cambium
- 4___________ fibres connect the periosteum to the bone and they connected to the lamellae, which are the layers of bone.Sharpey's fibres
- 5The periosteum has nerve endings. True or falseTrue
- 6What are the two types of bone development/ossification?intramembranous and endochondral
- 7Intramembranous development occurs in ________ bones that originate from mesenchymal stem cells.flat
- 8Intramembranous ossification begins with sheets of ____________ ____________ which contain osteoblasts. They secreate their matrix which later hardens and forms cancellous bone.connective tissue
- 9Endochondral ossification forms __________ bone from _________ cartilage.compact; hyaline
- 10(Endochondral ossification) The hyaline cartilage serves as a model for the shape bones need to be, but before ossification occurs, the ____________ must die.chondrocytes (a cell that has secreted the matrix of cartilage and becomes embedded in it.)
- 11(Endochondral ossification) As the blood vessels enter the cartilage, the chondrocytes begin their death in the _________.diaphysis
- 12(Endochondral ossification) As spongy bones begin to form, the _________ ____________ site is created. from this site, osteoblasts move to transform the cartilage to ________ bone.primary ossification site;
spongy bone - 13(Endochondral ossification) Afterwards, osteoclasts destroy some of the new spongy bone for the _________ __________. Cartilage remains at the epiphysis and continues to increase in length.medullary cavity
- 14After birth, ossification of the epiphysis at the ___________ ossification site begins, which is the same as in the diaphysis, expect the ______ bone is not broken down.secondary ossification site;
spongy bone - 15The small region that remains between the diaphysis and epiphysis is called theepiphyseal plate
- 16After early adulthood, bones cease to increase in length but do increase in ___________.diameter
- 17Hormones secreted by the pituitary gland and ________ or ________ regulate bone growth.testes or ovaries
- 18Vertebrate bones are composed of a substance called ___________________, which is made of calcium phosphate.hydroxyapatite
- 19What are the three types of bone cells?Osteoblasts, osteoclasts and osteocytes.
- 20____________ produce osteoid (a nonmineral matrix) that is eventually mineralized and harden to become bone.Osteoblasts
- 21Osteocytes aremature bone cells that were once osteoblasts and are now trapped inside lacunae in the hardened bone.
- 22Osteoclasts arebone destroyers that play an essential function in bone resorption.
- 23Lacunae are small cavity within the bone matrix, containing an ____________, and from which ________ radiate and penetrate the adjacent lamellae to the canaliculi of neighboring lacunae, thus forming a system of cavities interconnected by minute canals.osteocyte;
canaliculi - 24Canaliculi are small canals where extensions of __________ reach one another and are able to ____________________.osteocytes; communicate
- 25Haversian canals are tubes that allow _____________ ____________ and ___________ to pass through bone.blood vessels and nerves
- 26_____________ are large multinucleated cells, like macrophages, derived from the hematopoietis lineage.osteoclasts
- 27Osteoclasts are characterized by a _______ edge where active resorption takes place with the secretion of bone-resorbing enzymes.ruffled
- 28Our bone cells are responsible for bone ___________, ___________ and ___________.production, maintenance and modeling.
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- Bone membranes, development and the types of bone cells
- Created by
- Flora Wang
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